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• Introduction

4
  • §1. AI & Human Rights
  • §2. Right to Human Rights
  • §3. Generations of Human Rights
  • §4. Right to International Cooperation

I. Dignity

1
  • I.A. Right to Dignity and Worth of the Human Person

II. Rights of Vulnerable Populations

11
  • II.A. Rights of Children
  • II.B. Rights of Indigenous Peoples
  • II.C. Rights of LGBT+ People
  • II.D. Rights of Migrant Workers
  • II.E. Rights of Older Persons
  • II.F. Rights of People Experiencing Poverty
  • II.G. Rights of Persons with Disabilities
  • II.H. Rights of Racial and Ethnic Minorities
  • II.I. Rights of Refugees
  • II.J. Rights of Religious Minorities
  • II.K. Rights of Women

III. Peace

6
  • III.A. Right to Peace
  • III.B. Recognition as a Person Before the Law
  • III.C. Freedom from Slavery and Servitude
  • III.D. Freedom from Torture and Inhumane or Degrading Treatment
  • III.E. Right to Prevention of and Protection from Genocide
  • III.F. Right to Security of Person and Protection by the State

IV. Justice

10
  • IV.A. Right to Life, Liberty, and Personal Security
  • IV.B. Right to Legal Recognition
  • IV.C. Right to Equality before the Law
  • IV.D. Right to a Fair Trial and Due Process
  • IV.E. Right to Presumption of Innocence until Proven Guilty
  • IV.F. Right to Justice and Accountability
  • IV.G. Right to Truth, Redress, and Information
  • IV.H. Right to Protection from Persecution
  • IV.I. Right to Equality and Non-Discrimination
  • IV.J. Right to Remedy

IX. Civic Engagement

5
  • IX.A. Freedom of Assembly and Association
  • IX.B. Right to Free Elections
  • IX.C. Right to Participation in Public and Political Life
  • IX.D. Right to Participate in Cultural Life, Arts, and Science
  • IX.E. Right to Personal Mobility

UN General Assembly

1
  • UN General Assembly

V. Privacy

6
  • V.A. Right to Data Protection and Freedom from Surveillance
  • V.B. Right to Control over Personal Data and Data Sovereignty
  • V.C. Right to Intellectual Property and Protection of Personal Creations
  • V.D. Right to Mental and Biological Privacy
  • V.E. Right to Informed Consent in Data Collection and AI Interactions
  • V.F. Right to Protection from AI Manipulation and Misinformation

VI. Movement

3
  • VI.A. Freedom of Movement and Residence
  • VI.B. Right to Seek Asylum from Persecution
  • VI.C. Right to a Nationality

VII. Family

5
  • VII.A. Right to Marry
  • VII.B. Right to Form a Family
  • VII.C. Right to Family Benefits
  • VII.D. Right to Family Unity
  • VII.E. Right to Own Property

VIII. Human Agency & Expression

6
  • VIII.A. Freedom of Thought, Conscience, and Religion
  • VIII.B. Right to Language
  • VIII.C. Freedom of Opinion and Expression
  • VIII.D. Right to Self-Determination
  • VIII.E. Right to Live Independently and in Community
  • VIII.F. Right to Digital Identity

X. Education

5
  • X.A. Right to Education
  • X.B. Right to Higher Education
  • X.C. Right to Non-Discrimination in Education
  • X.D. Right to Cultural and Linguistic Education
  • X.E. Right to Education in Emergencies

XI. Work

13
  • XI.A. Right to Work
  • XI.B. Equal Opportunities and Treatment
  • XI.C. Right to Remuneration
  • XI.D. Right to Form and Join Trade Unions
  • XI.E. Right to Rest and Leisure
  • XI.F. Right to Protection against Unemployment
  • XI.G. Right to Retraining and Skill Development in Response to Technological Change
  • XI.H. Right to a Standard of Living Adequate for Health and Well-being
  • XI.I. Right to Food, Clothing, and Housing
  • XI.J. Right to Social Security
  • XI.K. Right to Development
  • XI.L. Corporate Responsibility to Respect Human Rights
  • XI.M. Human Rights Due Diligence

XII. Health

5
  • XII.A. Right to Health and Medical Care
  • XII.B. Right to Environmental Health
  • XII.C. Right to Water and Sanitation
  • XII.D. Right to Mental Health
  • XII.E. Right to Protection from Harmful Effects of AI in Healthcare

XIII. Environmental Rights

3
  • XIII.A. Right to a Healthy Environment
  • XIII.B. Right to Sustainable Development
  • XIII.C. Right to Protection from Environmental Harm due to Technological Advancements

XIV. Digital Rights & Technology

8
  • XIV.A. Right to Access to Science and Technology
  • XIV.B. Right to Internet Access
  • XIV.C. Right to Ethical AI and Emerging Technologies
  • XIV.D. Digital Rights and Online Freedoms
  • XIV.E. Right to Algorithmic Transparency and Accountability
  • XIV.F. Right to Protection from Cyber Threats and Cybersecurity
  • XIV.G. Right to Digital Self-Determination
  • XIV.H. Right to Fair and Equitable Access to AI Benefits
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IV.H. Right to Protection from Persecution

Our global network of contributors to the AI & Human Rights Index is currently writing these articles and glossary entries. This particular page is currently in the recruitment and research stage. Please return later to see where this page is in the editorial workflow. Thank you! We look forward to learning with and from you.


[Insert statement of urgency and significance for why this right relates to AI.]

Sectors #

The contributors of the AI & Human Rights Index have identified the following sectors as responsible for both using AI to protect and advance this human right.

  • DEF: Defense and Military
  • GOV: Government and Public Sector
  • INTL: International Organizations and Relations
  • LAW: Legal and Law Enforcement
  • REG: Regulatory and Oversight Bodies

AI’s Potential Violations #

[Insert 300- to 500-word analysis of how AI could violate this human right.]

AI’s Potential Benefits #

[Insert 300- to 500-word analysis of how AI could advance this human right.]

Human Rights Instruments #

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948) #

G.A. Res. 260 (III) A, Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, U.N. Doc. A/RES/260(III) (Dec. 9, 1948)

Article 7

Genocide and the other acts enumerated in article III shall not be considered as political crimes for the purpose of extradition. The Contracting Parties pledge themselves in such cases to grant extradition in accordance with their laws and treaties in force.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) #

G.A. Res. 217 (III) A, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, U.N. Doc. A/RES/217(III) (Dec. 10, 1948)

Article 2

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, Trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Article 7

All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) #

G.A. Res. 2200A (XXI), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 171 (Dec. 16, 1966)

Article 2

1. Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to respect and to ensure to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognized in the present Covenant, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination #

G.A. Res. 1904 (XVIII), United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, U.N. Doc. A/RES/1904(XVIII) (Nov. 20, 1963)

Article 2

1. No State, institution, group or individual shall make any discrimination whatsoever in matters of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the treatment of persons, groups of persons or institutions on the ground of race, colour or ethnic origin.

2. No State shall encourage, advocate or lend its support, through police action or otherwise, to any discrimination based on race, colour or ethnic origin by any group, institution or individual.

3. Special concrete measures shall be taken in ap- propriate circumstances in order to secure adequate development or protection of individuals belonging to certain racial groups with the object of ensuring the full enjoyment by such individuals of human rights and fundamental freedoms. These measures shall in no circumstances have as a consequence the maintenance of unequal or separate rights for different racial groups.

1.0 Research
2.0 Curate
3.0 Review
4.0 Revise
5.0 Published

Last Updated:  April 4, 2025

Research Assistant:  Aadith Muthukumar

Contributor:  To Be Determined

Reviewer:  To Be Determined

Editor:  Dirk Brand

Subject:  Human Right

Edition:  Edition 1.0 Research

Recommended Citation:  "IV.H. Right to Protection from Persecution, Edition 1.0 Research." In AI & Human Rights Index, edited by Nathan C. Walker, Dirk Brand, Caitlin Corrigan, Georgina Curto Rex, Alexander Kriebitz, John Maldonado, Kanshukan Rajaratnam, and Tanya de Villiers-Botha. New York: All Tech is Human; Camden, NJ: AI Ethics Lab at Rutgers University, 2025. Accessed December 06, 2025. https://aiethicslab.rutgers.edu/Docs/iv-h-persecution/.

Updated on April 25, 2025

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IV.G. Right to Truth, Redress, and InformationIV.I. Right to Equality and Non-Discrimination
Table of Contents
  • Sectors
  • AI’s Potential Violations
  • AI’s Potential Benefits
  • Human Rights Instruments
    • Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948)
    • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
    • International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)
    • International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
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