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• Introduction

4
  • §1. AI & Human Rights
  • §2. Right to Human Rights
  • §3. Generations of Human Rights
  • §4. Right to International Cooperation

I. Dignity

1
  • I.A. Right to Dignity and Worth of the Human Person

II. Rights of Vulnerable Populations

11
  • II.A. Rights of Women
  • II.B. Rights of Children
  • II.C. Rights of Racial and Ethnic Minorities
  • II.D. Rights of Indigenous Peoples
  • II.E. Rights of Religious Minorities
  • II.F. Rights of Persons with Disabilities
  • II.G. Rights of Older Persons
  • II.H. Rights of LGBT+ People
  • II.I. Rights of Refugees
  • II.J. Rights of Migrant Workers
  • II.K. Rights of People Experiencing Poverty

III. Peace

6
  • III.A. Right to Peace
  • III.B. Recognition as a Person Before the Law
  • III.C. Freedom from Slavery and Servitude
  • III.D. Freedom from Torture and Inhumane or Degrading Treatment
  • III.E. Right to Prevention of and Protection from Genocide
  • III.F. Right to Security of Person and Protection by the State

IV. Justice

10
  • IV.A. Right to Liberty and Personal Security
  • IV.B. Right to Legal Recognition
  • IV.C. Right to Equality before the Law
  • IV.D. Right to a Fair Trial and Due Process
  • IV.E. Right to Presumption of Innocence until Proven Guilty
  • IV.F. Right to Justice and Accountability
  • IV.G. Right to Truth, Redress, and Information
  • IV.H. Right to Protection from Persecution
  • IV.I. Right to Equality and Non-Discrimination
  • IV.J. Right to Remedy

IX. Civic Engagement

5
  • IX.A. Freedom of Assembly and Association
  • IX.B. Right to Free Elections
  • IX.C. Right to Participation in Public and Political Life
  • IX.D. Right to Participate in Cultural Life, Arts, and Science
  • IX.E. Right to Personal Mobility

UN General Assembly

1
  • UN General Assembly

V. Privacy

6
  • V.A. Right to Data Protection and Freedom from Surveillance
  • V.B. Right to Control over Personal Data and Data Sovereignty
  • V.C. Right to Intellectual Property and Protection of Personal Creations
  • V.D. Right to Mental and Biological Privacy
  • V.E. Right to Informed Consent in Data Collection and AI Interactions
  • V.F. Right to Protection from AI Manipulation and Misinformation

VI. Movement

3
  • VI.A. Freedom of Movement and Residence
  • VI.B. Right to Seek Asylum from Persecution
  • VI.C. Right to a Nationality

VII. Family

5
  • VII.A. Right to Marry
  • VII.B. Right to Form a Family
  • VII.C. Right to Family Benefits
  • VII.D. Right to Family Unity
  • VII.E. Right to Own Property

VIII. Human Agency & Expression

6
  • VIII.A. Freedom of Thought, Conscience, and Religion
  • VIII.B. Right to Language
  • VIII.C. Freedom of Opinion and Expression
  • VIII.D. Right to Self-Determination
  • VIII.E. Right to Live Independently and in Community
  • VIII.F. Right to Digital Identity

X. Education

5
  • X.A. Right to Education
  • X.B. Right to Higher Education
  • X.C. Right to Non-Discrimination in Education
  • X.D. Right to Cultural and Linguistic Education
  • X.E. Right to Education in Emergencies

XI. Work

13
  • XI.A. Right to Work
  • XI.B. Equal Opportunities and Treatment
  • XI.C. Right to Remuneration
  • XI.D. Right to Form and Join Trade Unions
  • XI.E. Right to Rest and Leisure
  • XI.F. Right to Protection against Unemployment
  • XI.G. Right to Retraining and Skill Development in Response to Technological Change
  • XI.H. Right to a Standard of Living Adequate for Health and Well-being
  • XI.I. Right to Food, Clothing, and Housing
  • XI.J. Right to Social Security
  • XI.K. Right to Development
  • XI.L. Corporate Responsibility to Respect Human Rights
  • XI.M. Human Rights Due Diligence

XII. Health

5
  • XII.A. Right to Health and Medical Care
  • XII.B. Right to Environmental Health
  • XII.C. Right to Water and Sanitation
  • XII.D. Right to Mental Health
  • XII.E. Right to Protection from Harmful Effects of AI in Healthcare

XIII. Environmental Rights

3
  • XIII.A. Right to a Healthy Environment
  • XIII.B. Right to Sustainable Development
  • XIII.C. Right to Protection from Environmental Harm due to Technological Advancements

XIV. Digital Rights & Technology

8
  • XIV.A. Right to Access to Science and Technology
  • XIV.B. Right to Internet Access
  • XIV.C. Right to Ethical AI and Emerging Technologies
  • XIV.D. Digital Rights and Online Freedoms
  • XIV.E. Right to Algorithmic Transparency and Accountability
  • XIV.F. Right to Protection from Cyber Threats and Cybersecurity
  • XIV.G. Right to Digital Self-Determination
  • XIV.H. Right to Fair and Equitable Access to AI Benefits
View Categories

X.B. Right to Higher Education

Our global network of contributors to the AI & Human Rights Index is currently writing these articles and glossary entries. This particular page is currently in the recruitment and research stage. Please return later to see where this page is in the editorial workflow. Thank you! We look forward to learning with and from you.


[Insert statement of urgency and significance for why this right relates to AI.]

Sectors #

The contributors of the AI & Human Rights Index have identified the following sectors as responsible for both using AI to protect and advance this human right.

  • EDU: Education and Research
  • FIN: Financial Services
  • GOV: Government and Public Sector
  • INTL: International Organizations and Relations
  • REG: Regulatory and Oversight Bodies
  • SOC: Social Services and Housing
  • TRAN: Transportation and Infrastructure
  • WORK: Employment and Labor

AI’s Potential Violations #

[Insert 300- to 500-word analysis of how AI could violate this human right.]

AI’s Potential Benefits #

[Insert 300- to 500-word analysis of how AI could advance this human right.]

Human Rights Instruments #

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) #

G.A. Res. 217 (III) A, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, U.N. Doc. A/RES/217(III) (Dec. 10, 1948)

Article 26

2. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.

Convention Against Discrimination in Education (1960) #

Convention Against Discrimination in Education, Dec. 14, 1960, 429 U.N.T.S. 93.

Article 4

The States Parties to this Convention undertake furthermore to formulate, develop and apply a national policy which, by methods appropriate to the circumstances and to national usage, will tend to promote Equality of opportunity and of treatment in the matter of education and in particular:

(a) To make primary education free and compulsory; make secondary education in its different forms generally available and accessible to all; make higher education equally accessible to all on the basis of individual capacity; assure compliance by all with the obligation to attend school prescribed by law;

(b) To ensure that the standards of education are equivalent in all public educational institutions of the same level, and that the conditions relating to the quality of the education provided are also equivalent;

(c) To encourage and intensify by appropriate methods the education of persons who have not received any primary education or who have not completed the entire primary education course and the continuation of their education on the basis of individual capacity;

(d) To provide training for the teaching profession without discrimination.

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) #

G.A. Res. 2200A (XXI), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 993 U.N.T.S. 3 (Dec. 16, 1966)

Article 13

2. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize that, with a view to achieving the full realization of this right:

(c) Higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the basis of capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education;

(e) The development of a system of schools at all levels shall be actively pursued, an adequate fellowship system shall be established, and the material conditions of teaching staff shall be continuously improved.

Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) #

G.A. Res. 44/25, Convention on the Rights of the Child, U.N. Doc. A/RES/44/25 (Nov. 20, 1989)

Article 28

1. States Parties recognize the right of the child to education, and with a view to achieving this right progressively and on the basis of equal opportunity, they shall, in particular:

(c) Make higher education accessible to all on the basis of capacity by every appropriate means;


1.0 Research
2.0 Curate
3.0 Review
4.0 Revise
5.0 Published

Last Updated:  April 17, 2025

Research Assistant:  Elikemuel Rodriguez

Contributor:  To Be Determined

Reviewer:  To Be Determined

Editor:  Tanya de Villiers-Botha

Subject:  Human Right

Edition:  Edition 1.0 Research

Recommended Citation:  "X.B. Right to Higher Education, Edition 1.0 Research." In AI & Human Rights Index, edited by Nathan C. Walker, Dirk Brand, Caitlin Corrigan, Georgina Curto Rex, Alexander Kriebitz, John Maldonado, Kanshukan Rajaratnam, and Tanya de Villiers-Botha. New York: All Tech is Human; Camden, NJ: AI Ethics Lab at Rutgers University, 2025. Accessed May 15, 2025. https://aiethicslab.rutgers.edu/Docs/x-b-higher-education/.

Updated on 2025-04-18

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X.A. Right to EducationX.C. Right to Non-Discrimination in Education
Table of Contents
  • Sectors
  • AI’s Potential Violations
  • AI’s Potential Benefits
  • Human Rights Instruments
    • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
    • Convention Against Discrimination in Education (1960)
    • International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)
    • Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)
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Principal Investigator, AI Ethics Lab

Rutgers University-Camden
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Department of Philosophy & Religion

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