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[Insert statement of urgency and significance for why this right relates to AI.]

Sectors #

The contributors of the AI & Human Rights Index have identified the following sectors as responsible for both using AI to protect and advance this human right.

• BUS: Business Sectors
  The Business Sectors encompass a wide range of industries and enterprises engaged in commercial, industrial, and professional activities. This includes agriculture industries, the automotive industry, corporations and enterprises, energy companies, financial services, gig economy platforms, manufacturing industries, marketing and advertising firms, pharmaceutical companies, retail companies, small and medium-sized enterprises, service industries, and technology companies. The BUS sector plays a significant role in economic development, job creation, innovation, and the provision of goods and services that meet societal needs.

  BUS-AGR: Agriculture Industries

  Agriculture Industries involve the cultivation of crops, raising of livestock, and production of food and raw materials. This sector is fundamental to food security and the sustenance of populations worldwide. These industries are accountable for using AI ethically to enhance productivity, sustainability, and resilience while respecting environmental and human rights. They must ensure that AI applications do not lead to unfair labor practices, environmental degradation, or exploitation of small-scale farmers. Examples include implementing AI-powered precision agriculture techniques that optimize resource use, reduce waste, and minimize environmental impact without displacing workers unjustly. Using AI to forecast weather patterns and crop diseases, supporting farmers in making informed decisions while ensuring access to technology for smallholders.

  BUS-AUT: Automotive Industry

  The Automotive Industry encompasses companies involved in the design, manufacture, marketing, and sale of motor vehicles. This sector is integral to transportation and has significant economic and environmental implications. These companies are accountable for using AI ethically in vehicle development, manufacturing processes, and customer interactions. They must ensure that AI technologies, such as autonomous driving systems, are safe, reliable, and respect user privacy and safety standards. Examples include developing AI-driven autonomous vehicles with robust safety measures, thoroughly tested to prevent accidents and protect passengers and pedestrians. Using AI in manufacturing to improve efficiency and product quality without violating labor rights or displacing workers without fair transition support.

  BUS-COR: Corporations and Enterprises

  Corporations and Enterprises are large businesses operating in various industries, providing goods and services on a national or global scale. They have substantial influence on economies, employment, and societal trends. These entities are accountable for integrating ethical AI practices across their operations, from supply chain management to customer engagement. They must prevent AI-driven decisions that could lead to discrimination, privacy violations, or environmental harm. Examples include using AI for supply chain optimization that ensures ethical sourcing and transparency, avoiding suppliers involved in labor abuses. Implementing AI in customer service to enhance user experience while protecting personal data and avoiding biased interactions.

  BUS-ENE: Energy Companies

  Energy Companies are involved in the production, distribution, and sale of energy, including fossil fuels, electricity, and renewable energy sources. They play a critical role in powering economies and impacting environmental sustainability. These companies are accountable for using AI ethically to optimize energy production and consumption while reducing environmental impact. They must prevent AI applications from contributing to environmental degradation or infringing on community rights. Examples include utilizing AI for predictive maintenance of equipment to prevent accidents and environmental spills. Implementing AI systems to manage energy grids efficiently, integrating renewable energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

  BUS-FIN: Financial Services

  Financial Services include institutions that manage money, provide banking services, insurance, investment, and facilitate financial transactions. They are essential for economic stability and growth. These institutions are accountable for using AI ethically in financial decision-making, customer interactions, and risk management. They must prevent discriminatory practices, protect customer data, and promote financial inclusion. Examples include employing AI algorithms for credit scoring that are transparent and free from biases, ensuring fair access to loans. Using AI in fraud detection to protect customers without infringing on privacy or unfairly targeting certain groups.

  BUS-GIG: Gig Economy Platforms

  Gig Economy Platforms are digital marketplaces that connect freelancers or contractors with clients for short-term work or services. They have transformed traditional employment models. These platforms are accountable for using AI ethically to manage work allocation, compensation, and worker evaluations. They must ensure fair treatment of gig workers, prevent exploitation, and protect their rights. Examples include implementing AI systems that distribute work opportunities equitably among workers. Using AI to set fair pricing for services, avoiding algorithms that depress wages or create unfair competition.

  BUS-MAN: Manufacturing Industries

  Manufacturing Industries produce goods using labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing. They are a cornerstone of economic development and innovation. These industries are accountable for using AI ethically in production processes, ensuring worker safety, and environmental stewardship. They must prevent job displacement without support, unsafe working conditions, or environmental harm due to AI implementations. Examples include using AI-powered robots to enhance production efficiency while retraining workers for new roles, avoiding mass layoffs. Implementing AI for quality control to reduce waste and defects, contributing to sustainable manufacturing practices.

  BUS-MKT: Marketing and Advertising Firms

  Marketing and Advertising Firms specialize in promoting products and services to consumers. They influence consumer behavior and market trends. These firms are accountable for using AI ethically in targeting, data collection, and content creation. They must respect consumer privacy, avoid manipulative practices, and prevent the spread of misinformation. Examples include using AI for personalized advertising that respects user consent and privacy preferences. Implementing AI analytics to understand consumer needs without exploiting vulnerabilities or reinforcing harmful stereotypes.

  BUS-PHC: Pharmaceutical Companies

  Pharmaceutical Companies research, develop, produce, and market drugs and medical devices. They contribute to healthcare advancements and public health. These companies are accountable for using AI ethically in drug discovery, clinical trials, and marketing. They must ensure patient safety, data privacy, and avoid biases that could affect treatment accessibility. Examples include employing AI to accelerate drug discovery processes while ensuring clinical trials are inclusive and representative. Using AI to monitor drug safety post-market, protecting patient health by identifying adverse effects promptly.

  BUS-RET: Retail Companies

  Retail Companies sell goods and services directly to consumers through physical stores or online platforms. They impact consumer choices and economic activity. These companies are accountable for using AI ethically in customer service, inventory management, and marketing. They must protect consumer data, avoid discriminatory pricing or services, and ensure fair labor practices in supply chains. Examples include implementing AI for personalized shopping experiences while safeguarding customer privacy. Using AI in supply chain management to ensure products are sourced ethically and sustainably.

  BUS-SME: Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

  Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are businesses with a limited scale in terms of employees and revenue. They are vital for economic diversity and community development. SMEs are accountable for adopting AI ethically to enhance competitiveness without compromising ethical standards. They must ensure that AI use respects customer rights, employee well-being, and legal obligations. Examples include using AI chatbots to improve customer service accessibility while ensuring interactions are respectful and data is protected. Implementing AI tools to optimize operations, supporting business growth without reducing workforce unfairly.

  BUS-SVC: Service Industries

  Service Industries provide intangible goods like healthcare, hospitality, finance, education, and entertainment. They are essential for societal functioning and quality of life. These industries are accountable for using AI ethically to enhance service delivery, customer satisfaction, and operational efficiency. They must prevent biases, protect personal data, and ensure accessibility. Examples include using AI in healthcare for patient diagnostics, ensuring accuracy and avoiding biases that could affect treatment. Implementing AI in hospitality to personalize guest experiences while respecting privacy and cultural sensitivities.

  BUS-TECH: Technology Companies

  Technology Companies develop and sell technology products or services, including software, hardware, and IT solutions. They drive innovation and digital transformation. These companies are accountable for ensuring that AI technologies are developed and deployed ethically, promoting transparency, fairness, and accountability. They must prevent biases in AI algorithms, protect user data, and consider societal impacts. Examples include creating AI applications that are transparent and explainable, allowing users to understand and challenge decisions. Implementing robust security measures in AI products to protect against misuse or cyber threats.

  Summary

  By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights in the business domain. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to foster innovation, drive economic growth, and meet societal needs while safeguarding individual rights, promoting fairness, and ensuring sustainable practices.  

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• ENV: Environmental and Energy
  The Environmental and Energy sector encompasses organizations and entities involved in managing natural resources, producing energy, and promoting environmental sustainability. This includes environmental agencies, energy companies, renewable energy firms, sustainability organizations, urban planning departments, and waste management companies. The ENV sector plays a vital role in protecting the environment, ensuring sustainable use of resources, and transitioning to cleaner energy sources.

  ENV-AGY: Environmental Agencies

  Environmental Agencies are government bodies responsible for the protection and conservation of the environment. They develop and enforce regulations, monitor environmental quality, and oversee the management of natural resources. The environmental agency sector is accountable for ensuring that AI is used ethically to monitor and protect the environment while upholding human rights. This includes preventing AI from being used in ways that could harm ecosystems or infringe on communities' rights, particularly those of indigenous peoples and vulnerable populations. By integrating ethical considerations, they can use AI to enhance environmental protection without compromising human rights. Examples include using AI-powered systems to monitor pollution levels and enforce environmental regulations, ensuring compliance without unfairly targeting certain communities. Implementing AI tools to predict and prevent environmental disasters while engaging with affected communities to respect their rights and input.

  ENV-ENE: Energy Companies

  Energy Companies are organizations involved in the production, distribution, and sale of energy, including electricity, oil, and gas. They play a crucial role in powering economies and everyday life. These companies are accountable for ensuring that AI technologies are used to optimize energy production and distribution ethically. They must prevent AI from contributing to environmental degradation or violating human rights, such as displacing communities without consent. By adopting ethical AI practices, they can improve efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Examples include implementing AI systems for predictive maintenance of equipment to prevent spills or leaks that could harm the environment. Using AI to optimize energy grids for better efficiency, reducing waste and lowering emissions.

  ENV-RNE: Renewable Energy Firms

  Renewable Energy Firms specialize in producing energy from sustainable sources such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal power. They are at the forefront of efforts to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and combat climate change. These firms are accountable for using AI to advance renewable energy solutions ethically. They must ensure that AI applications do not infringe on land rights or lead to exploitation of resources in a way that harms local communities. Ethical AI use can help them maximize renewable energy production while respecting human rights. Examples include using AI to optimize the placement and operation of renewable energy installations without encroaching on protected areas or indigenous lands. Employing AI for forecasting energy production and demand to balance the grid efficiently.

  ENV-SUS: Environmental Sustainability Organizations

  Environmental Sustainability Organizations are entities focused on promoting sustainable practices and policies. They work on conservation, climate change mitigation, and advocacy for environmental protection. They are accountable for leveraging AI to enhance sustainability efforts while ensuring that such technologies do not create new inequalities or overlook marginalized groups. By using AI ethically, they can amplify their impact and promote inclusive sustainability. Examples include using AI to analyze data on environmental impacts and advocate for policy changes that benefit both the environment and vulnerable populations. Developing AI-driven tools that help businesses and communities adopt sustainable practices.

  ENV-UPL: Urban Planning Departments

  Urban Planning Departments are responsible for designing and regulating the development of urban areas. They plan for land use, infrastructure, transportation, and community development to create functional and sustainable cities. These departments are accountable for using AI in urban planning in ways that respect residents' rights and promote equitable development. They must prevent AI from reinforcing social inequalities or infringing on privacy through excessive surveillance. Ethical AI use can help them design smarter, more inclusive cities. Examples include using AI to model urban growth and plan infrastructure that benefits all residents, including underserved communities. Implementing AI systems to optimize traffic flow and reduce emissions without violating privacy through intrusive data collection.

  ENV-WMC: Waste Management Companies

  Waste Management Companies handle the collection, treatment, and disposal of waste materials. They play a critical role in maintaining public health and environmental cleanliness. These companies are accountable for using AI to improve waste management processes ethically. They must ensure that AI applications do not lead to unfair labor practices or environmental harm, such as illegal dumping in disadvantaged areas. By adopting ethical AI, they can enhance efficiency while upholding human rights. Examples include implementing AI for route optimization in waste collection to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Using AI to sort recyclable materials more effectively, reducing waste sent to landfills and promoting environmental sustainability.

  Summary

  By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights in environmental and energy contexts. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to protect the environment while safeguarding the rights and dignity of all people.  

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• TRAN: Transportation and Infrastructure
  The Transportation and Infrastructure sector encompasses organizations and entities involved in the movement of people and goods, as well as the development and maintenance of transportation systems and infrastructure. This includes airlines, the automotive industry, infrastructure development firms, public transportation systems, transportation services, travel companies, and urban planning. The TRAN sector plays a critical role in enabling mobility, supporting economic growth, and shaping the built environment.

  TRAN-AIR: Airlines

  Airlines are companies that provide air transport services for passengers and cargo. They operate aircraft, manage flight operations, and ensure the safety and comfort of travelers. These companies are accountable for using AI ethically to enhance safety, efficiency, and customer experience while respecting passenger rights. This involves ensuring that AI systems used in operations and customer service do not discriminate, infringe on privacy, or compromise safety standards. By integrating ethical AI practices, airlines can improve services while upholding human rights. Examples include utilizing AI for flight path optimization to reduce fuel consumption and emissions without compromising safety. Implementing AI-powered customer service chatbots that provide assistance while protecting passenger data and ensuring accessibility for all customers.

  TRAN-AUT: Automotive Industry

  The Automotive Industry includes manufacturers, suppliers, and dealers involved in the design, production, and sale of motor vehicles. This sector is increasingly integrating AI technologies in vehicles and manufacturing processes. These companies are accountable for ensuring that AI in vehicles, such as autonomous driving systems, is safe, reliable, and respects user privacy. They must prevent biases in AI algorithms that could affect safety features or accessibility. Ethical AI use is essential for building public trust and advancing transportation safety. Examples include developing AI-driven autonomous vehicles that adhere to strict safety standards and are tested thoroughly to prevent accidents. Using AI in manufacturing to improve efficiency and worker safety without displacing jobs unfairly or violating labor rights.

  TRAN-INF: Infrastructure Development Firms

  Infrastructure Development Firms specialize in planning, designing, and constructing infrastructure projects like roads, bridges, tunnels, and public facilities. They play a key role in developing the physical framework of societies. These firms are accountable for using AI ethically to enhance project efficiency, sustainability, and safety while considering the impact on communities. They must ensure that AI applications do not lead to environmental degradation or displacement of populations without fair compensation or consent. Examples include employing AI for predictive maintenance of infrastructure, identifying potential issues before they become hazardous, thus protecting public safety. Using AI in planning to optimize infrastructure design for minimal environmental impact and equitable access for all community members.

  TRAN-PTS: Public Transportation Systems

  Public Transportation Systems include buses, subways, trains, and other forms of mass transit operated by government entities or private companies. They provide essential mobility services to the public. These systems are accountable for using AI ethically to improve service efficiency, accessibility, and user experience while respecting passenger rights. This involves preventing surveillance practices that infringe on privacy, ensuring equitable access, and avoiding biases in service provision. Examples include implementing AI for dynamic scheduling and routing to reduce wait times and overcrowding, benefiting all users. Using AI-powered ticketing systems that are accessible to people with disabilities and do not exclude individuals without access to digital technologies.

  TRAN-TRS: Transportation Services

  Transportation Services encompass companies that provide various transport solutions, such as ride-sharing services, logistics providers, and freight companies. They facilitate the movement of people and goods locally and globally. These companies are accountable for using AI ethically in operations, ensuring fairness, safety, and respect for user privacy. They must prevent discriminatory practices in pricing or service availability and protect the data of users and drivers. Examples include using AI algorithms for ride-sharing that fairly distribute ride opportunities among drivers and avoid surge pricing practices that exploit customers. Employing AI in logistics to optimize delivery routes, reducing emissions and improving efficiency without infringing on workers' rights.

  TRAN-TRV: Travel Companies

  Travel Companies offer services related to travel planning, booking, and management, including travel agencies, booking platforms, and tour operators. They connect travelers with transportation, accommodation, and experiences. These companies are accountable for using AI ethically to enhance customer experience while protecting personal data and ensuring fair practices. They must avoid biases in recommendations and pricing that could discriminate against certain groups. Examples include implementing AI for personalized travel recommendations that respect user preferences without unfairly limiting options. Using AI in customer service to assist travelers efficiently while safeguarding their personal and payment information.

  TRAN-URB: Urban Planning

  Urban Planning involves the development and design of land use and the built environment in urban areas. Urban planners work on zoning, infrastructure, transportation networks, and public spaces to create functional and sustainable cities. Urban planners are accountable for using AI ethically to inform decisions that impact communities. This includes ensuring that AI tools do not perpetuate social inequalities, infringe on residents' rights, or exclude marginalized populations from the benefits of urban development. Examples include using AI to model urban growth scenarios that consider the needs of all residents, promoting equitable access to services and amenities. Implementing AI in traffic management to reduce congestion and emissions without violating privacy through excessive surveillance.

  Summary

  By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights in transportation and infrastructure. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to improve mobility, enhance safety, and build sustainable environments while respecting the rights, dignity, and privacy of all individuals.  

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• GOV: Government and Public Sector
  The Government and Public Sector encompasses all institutions and organizations that are part of the governmental framework at the local, regional, and national levels. This includes government agencies, civil registration services, economic planning bodies, public officials, public services, regulatory bodies, and government surveillance entities. The GOV sector is responsible for creating and implementing policies, providing public services, and upholding the rule of law. It plays a vital role in shaping society, promoting the welfare of citizens, and ensuring the effective functioning of the state.

  GOV-AGY: Government Agencies

  Government Agencies are administrative units of the government responsible for specific functions such as health, education, transportation, and environmental protection. They implement laws, deliver public services, and regulate various sectors. The GOV-AGY sector is accountable for ensuring that AI is used ethically in public administration. This includes promoting transparency, protecting citizens' data, and preventing biases in AI systems that could lead to unfair treatment. By integrating ethical AI practices, government agencies can enhance service delivery while upholding human rights. Examples include using AI-powered chatbots to improve citizen access to information and services while ensuring data privacy and security. Implementing AI in processing applications or claims efficiently, without discriminating against any group based on race, gender, or socioeconomic status.

  GOV-CRS: Civil Registration Services

  Civil Registration Services are responsible for recording vital events such as births, deaths, marriages, and divorces. They maintain official records essential for legal identity and access to services. These services are accountable for using AI ethically to manage and protect personal data. They must ensure that AI systems used in data processing do not compromise the privacy or security of individuals' sensitive information. Ethical AI use can improve accuracy and efficiency in maintaining civil records. Examples include employing AI to detect and correct errors in civil records, ensuring that individuals' legal identities are accurately reflected. Using AI to streamline the registration process, making it more accessible while safeguarding personal data against unauthorized access.

  GOV-ECN: Economic Planning Bodies

  Economic Planning Bodies are government entities that develop strategies for economic growth, resource allocation, and development policies. They analyze economic data to inform decision-making and promote national prosperity. The GOV-ECN sector is accountable for using AI in economic planning ethically. This involves ensuring that AI models do not perpetuate economic disparities or exclude marginalized communities from development benefits. By applying ethical AI, they can promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth. Examples include utilizing AI for economic forecasting to make informed policy decisions that benefit all segments of society. Implementing AI to assess the potential impact of economic policies on different demographics, thereby promoting equity and reducing inequality.

  GOV-PPM: Public Officials

  Public Officials include elected representatives and appointed officers who hold positions of authority within the government. They are responsible for making decisions, enacting laws, and overseeing the implementation of policies. Public officials are accountable for promoting the ethical use of AI in governance. They must ensure that AI technologies are used to enhance democratic processes, increase transparency, and protect citizens' rights. Their leadership is crucial in setting ethical standards and regulations for AI deployment. Examples include advocating for legislation that regulates AI use to prevent abuses such as mass surveillance or algorithmic discrimination. Using AI tools to engage with constituents more effectively, such as sentiment analysis on public feedback, while ensuring that such tools respect privacy and free speech rights.

  GOV-PUB: Public Services

  Public Services encompass various services provided by the government to its citizens, including healthcare, education, transportation, and public safety. These services aim to meet the needs of the public and improve quality of life. The GOV-PUB sector is accountable for integrating AI into public services ethically. This involves ensuring equitable access, preventing biases, and protecting user data. Ethical AI use can enhance service efficiency and effectiveness while respecting human rights. Examples include deploying AI in public healthcare systems to predict disease outbreaks and allocate resources efficiently, without compromising patient confidentiality. Using AI in public transportation to optimize routes and schedules, improving accessibility while safeguarding passenger data.

  GOV-REG: Regulatory Bodies

  Regulatory Bodies are government agencies tasked with overseeing specific industries or activities to ensure compliance with laws and regulations. They protect public interests by enforcing standards and addressing misconduct. These bodies are accountable for regulating the ethical use of AI across various sectors. They must develop guidelines and enforce compliance to prevent AI-related abuses, such as discrimination or privacy violations. Their role is critical in setting the framework for responsible AI deployment. Examples include establishing regulations that require transparency in AI algorithms used by companies, ensuring they do not discriminate against consumers. Monitoring and auditing AI systems to verify compliance with data protection laws and ethical standards.

  GOV-SUR: Government Surveillance

  Government Surveillance entities are responsible for monitoring activities for purposes such as national security, law enforcement, and public safety. They collect and analyze data to detect and prevent criminal activities and threats. The GOV-SUR sector is accountable for ensuring that AI used in surveillance respects human rights, including the rights to privacy and freedom of expression. They must balance security objectives with individual freedoms, adhering to legal frameworks and ethical standards. Examples include implementing AI-driven surveillance systems with strict oversight to prevent misuse and unauthorized access. Employing AI for specific, targeted investigations with appropriate warrants and legal processes, avoiding mass surveillance practices that infringe on citizens' rights.

  Summary

  By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights within government and public services. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to enhance governance, protect citizens, and promote transparency and fairness in public administration.  

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AI’s Potential Violations #

[Insert 300- to 500-word analysis of how AI could violate this human right.]

AI’s Potential Benefits #

[Insert 300- to 500-word analysis of how AI could advance this human right.]

Human Rights Instruments #

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) #

G.A. Res. 2200A (XXI), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 993 U.N.T.S. 3 (Dec. 16, 1966)

Article 12

The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. The steps to be taken by the States Parties to the present Covenant to achieve the full realization of this right shall include those necessary for:

(b) The improvement of all aspects of environmental and industrial hygiene.

Education 2030: Incheon Declaration and Framework for Action for the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (2016) #

Education 2030: Incheon Declaration and Framework for Action for the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 4—Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all, UNESCO Doc. ED-2016/WS/28 (2016)

The Sustainable Development Goal 4 targets:

4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes

4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education

4.3 By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university

4.4 By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship

4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations

4.6 By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy

4.7 By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender Equality

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, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable development

4.a Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all

4.b By 2020, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and African countries, for enrolment in higher education, including vocational training and information and communications technology, technical, engineering and scientific programmes, in developed countries and other developing countries

4.c By 2030, substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers, including through international cooperation for teacher training in developing countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing States

Framework for the Implementation of Education for Sustainable Development (2019) #

UNESCO, Framework for the Implementation of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) Beyond 2019, 40th Sess., Gen. Conf., U.N. Doc. 40 C/23 (2019)

ESD for 2030 approach

6. ESD for 2030 is to be implemented as an integral part of UNESCO’s contribution to achieving the SDGs, notably SDG4-Education 2030, in full coherence with its Programme and Budget. The following key notions were identified in the consultations process as the basis for ESD for 2030:

7. Transformative action: ESD has to pay more attention to each learner’s individual transformation processes and how they happen. First, transformation necessitates a certain level of disruption together with courage and determination. Second, there are stages of transformation for the individual: with the acquisition of knowledge, learners become aware of certain realities; with critical analysis, they begin to understand the complexities of the realities; experiential exposure can lead to an empathic connection to realities; when the realities are relevant to one’s life and through tipping moments, compassion and Solidarity

Solidarity in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) ethics and law refers to an ethical commitment to ensuring that AI technologies protect vulnerable populations and the environment from harm. This principle is rooted in a broader understanding of human rights and environmental stewardship, emphasizing that AI systems should not only avoid harm but actively promote the rights and well-being of marginalized groups and contribute to environmental sustainability. Vulnerable populations identified in human rights instruments over the past eight decades include children, women, racial and ethnic minorities, indigenous peoples, religious minorities, individuals with disabilities, older persons, LGBTQ+ individuals, refugees, migrants, and those living in poverty. At its core, solidarity embodies a deep commitment to unity, connection, and interdependence, recognizing the shared humanity and mutual reliance of all individuals and the planet. In the lifecycle of AI—spanning development, deployment, and monitoring—the principle of solidarity calls for deliberate efforts to align AI systems with the needs and rights of these vulnerable groups. This involves designing AI technologies that amplify social justice, promote inclusion, and address systemic inequities. Additionally, solidarity extends to environmental stewardship, requiring that AI systems are deployed in ways that contribute positively to ecological preservation and sustainability. Operationalizing solidarity in AI ethics and law involves creating policies, standards, and practices that prioritize the protection and empowerment of the most vulnerable. This includes embedding fairness, inclusivity, and sustainability into AI governance frameworks, as well as fostering global cooperation to address shared challenges. By emphasizing the interconnectedness of people and the planet, solidarity offers a guiding principle for developing AI systems that reflect shared values, promote collective well-being, and contribute to a more equitable and sustainable world.

are developed. This understanding of transformation involves not only formal, but also non-formal and informal education; both cognitive and socio-emotional learning; and community and citizenship education.

8. Structural changes: There is a need for ESD to pay more attention to the deep structural causes of unsustainable development, in particular the relationship between economic growth and sustainable development. ESD should promote development as a balancing act, which implies adapting to changes while respecting the values of conservation, sufficiency, moderation and Solidarity

Solidarity in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) ethics and law refers to an ethical commitment to ensuring that AI technologies protect vulnerable populations and the environment from harm. This principle is rooted in a broader understanding of human rights and environmental stewardship, emphasizing that AI systems should not only avoid harm but actively promote the rights and well-being of marginalized groups and contribute to environmental sustainability. Vulnerable populations identified in human rights instruments over the past eight decades include children, women, racial and ethnic minorities, indigenous peoples, religious minorities, individuals with disabilities, older persons, LGBTQ+ individuals, refugees, migrants, and those living in poverty. At its core, solidarity embodies a deep commitment to unity, connection, and interdependence, recognizing the shared humanity and mutual reliance of all individuals and the planet. In the lifecycle of AI—spanning development, deployment, and monitoring—the principle of solidarity calls for deliberate efforts to align AI systems with the needs and rights of these vulnerable groups. This involves designing AI technologies that amplify social justice, promote inclusion, and address systemic inequities. Additionally, solidarity extends to environmental stewardship, requiring that AI systems are deployed in ways that contribute positively to ecological preservation and sustainability. Operationalizing solidarity in AI ethics and law involves creating policies, standards, and practices that prioritize the protection and empowerment of the most vulnerable. This includes embedding fairness, inclusivity, and sustainability into AI governance frameworks, as well as fostering global cooperation to address shared challenges. By emphasizing the interconnectedness of people and the planet, solidarity offers a guiding principle for developing AI systems that reflect shared values, promote collective well-being, and contribute to a more equitable and sustainable world.

. A structural view is also required to address ESD in contexts of extreme poverty or other challenging survival situations (e.g. conflict or refugee situations), where the full complexity of the concept of sustainable development does not immediately resonate with people trying to survive on a daily basis. In these contexts, ESD should consider people’s specific living conditions and provide them with skills to ensure their livelihood. Above all, it should ensure human Dignity

Human dignity refers to the inherent worth and respect that every individual possesses, irrespective of their status, identity, or achievements. In the context of artificial intelligence (AI), dignity emphasizes the need for AI systems to be designed, developed, and deployed in ways that respect, preserve, and even enhance this intrinsic human value. While many existing AI ethics guidelines reference dignity, they often leave it undefined, highlighting instead its close relationship to human rights and its role in avoiding harm, forced acceptance, automated classification, and unconsented interactions between humans and AI. Fundamentally, dignity serves as a cornerstone of ethical AI practices, requiring systems to prioritize human well-being and autonomy. The preservation of dignity in AI systems places significant ethical responsibilities on developers, organizations, and policymakers. Developers play a pivotal role in ensuring that AI technologies respect privacy and autonomy by safeguarding personal data and avoiding manipulative practices. Bias mitigation is another critical responsibility, as AI systems must strive to eliminate discriminatory outcomes that could undermine the dignity of individuals based on race, gender, age, or other characteristics. Furthermore, transparency and accountability in AI operations are essential for upholding dignity, as they provide mechanisms to understand and address the impacts of AI systems on individuals and communities. Governance and legislation are equally important in safeguarding human dignity in the AI landscape. New legal frameworks and regulations can mandate ethical development and deployment practices, with a focus on protecting human rights and dignity. Government-issued technical and methodological guidelines can provide developers with clear standards for ethical AI design. Additionally, international cooperation is essential to establish a unified, global approach to AI ethics, recognizing the cross-border implications of AI technologies. By embedding dignity into AI systems and governance structures, society can ensure that AI technologies respect and enhance human worth, fostering trust, equity, and ethical innovation.   Recommended Reading Anna Jobin, Marcello Ienca, and Effy Vayena. "The Global Landscape of AI Ethics Guidelines." Nature Machine Intelligence 1 (2019): 389–399.    

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and the right to live decently.

9. The technological future: Technological advances may provide solutions to some of the “old” Sustainability

Sustainability, in the context of AI ethics and law, is the principle that artificial intelligence should be designed, developed, and deployed to protect the environment, promote ecological balance, and contribute to societal well-being over the long term. This principle emphasizes minimizing AI’s ecological footprint, enhancing energy efficiency, and creating systems that remain effective and relevant over time. Beyond environmental concerns, sustainability addresses broader social impacts, such as fostering equity, reducing systemic inequities, and promoting peace and stability. Achieving sustainability in AI requires intentional efforts at every stage of an AI system's lifecycle. Technically, this involves adopting energy-efficient algorithms, reducing resource consumption, and using sustainable data processing methods. Organizations are encouraged to align AI practices with global sustainability frameworks, such as the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to ensure that AI technologies contribute positively to ecosystems and biodiversity. On a societal level, corporations are urged to mitigate potential disruptions caused by AI, such as job displacement, while leveraging these challenges to drive innovation and create equitable solutions that benefit all. Governance is critical for embedding sustainability into AI practices. Transparent reporting on AI’s energy consumption, resource usage, and societal impacts can build public trust and drive responsible innovation. Accountability frameworks should hold developers, organizations, and policymakers responsible for minimizing environmental harm and promoting social equity. By prioritizing sustainability, stakeholders can ensure that AI technologies address present needs while safeguarding ecological preservation, societal well-being, and intergenerational responsibility. Sustainability highlights the potential of AI to foster a more harmonious and resilient future. By embedding this principle into AI’s ethical foundation, developers and policymakers can create technologies that align with global values, support collective well-being, and contribute to a thriving, equitable planet. Recommended Reading Anna Jobin, Marcello Ienca, and Effy Vayena. "The Global Landscape of AI Ethics Guidelines." Nature Machine Intelligence 1 (2019): 389–399.  

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problems, but some ESD efforts to change people’s behaviour may no longer be relevant. However, the technological solutions themselves may bring new challenges or simply create an illusion of having solved the original problems. ESD and its emphasis on critical thinking is therefore becoming ever more important. For example, with sensor-equipped buildings, the behaviour of switching off lights to save energy may become extinct, but the value of saving energy should remain relevant. New opportunities will also open up for ESD, such as accelerating the transition to green technologies by equipping people with the required green skills. Orienting ESD to support the achievement of the SDGs will provide the opportunity for the ESD community to work more closely with key technology stakeholders, namely business, manufacturing and enterprise sectors.

Education for Sustainable Development: A Roadmap (2020) #

UNESCO, Education for Sustainable Development: A Roadmap, U.N. Doc. ED/PLS/ESD/2020/01 (2020)

ESD empowers learners with knowledge, skills, values and attitudes to take informed decisions and make responsible actions for environmental integrity, economic viability and a just society empowering people of all genders, for present and future generations, while respecting cultural diversity.

ESD is a lifelong learning process and an integral part of quality education that enhances cognitive, social and emotional and behavioural dimensions of learning. It is holistic and transformational and encompasses learning content and outcomes, pedagogy and the learning environment itself.

Berlin Declaration on Education for Sustainable Development: Learn for Our Planet, Act for Sustainability

Sustainability, in the context of AI ethics and law, is the principle that artificial intelligence should be designed, developed, and deployed to protect the environment, promote ecological balance, and contribute to societal well-being over the long term. This principle emphasizes minimizing AI’s ecological footprint, enhancing energy efficiency, and creating systems that remain effective and relevant over time. Beyond environmental concerns, sustainability addresses broader social impacts, such as fostering equity, reducing systemic inequities, and promoting peace and stability. Achieving sustainability in AI requires intentional efforts at every stage of an AI system's lifecycle. Technically, this involves adopting energy-efficient algorithms, reducing resource consumption, and using sustainable data processing methods. Organizations are encouraged to align AI practices with global sustainability frameworks, such as the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), to ensure that AI technologies contribute positively to ecosystems and biodiversity. On a societal level, corporations are urged to mitigate potential disruptions caused by AI, such as job displacement, while leveraging these challenges to drive innovation and create equitable solutions that benefit all. Governance is critical for embedding sustainability into AI practices. Transparent reporting on AI’s energy consumption, resource usage, and societal impacts can build public trust and drive responsible innovation. Accountability frameworks should hold developers, organizations, and policymakers responsible for minimizing environmental harm and promoting social equity. By prioritizing sustainability, stakeholders can ensure that AI technologies address present needs while safeguarding ecological preservation, societal well-being, and intergenerational responsibility. Sustainability highlights the potential of AI to foster a more harmonious and resilient future. By embedding this principle into AI’s ethical foundation, developers and policymakers can create technologies that align with global values, support collective well-being, and contribute to a thriving, equitable planet. Recommended Reading Anna Jobin, Marcello Ienca, and Effy Vayena. "The Global Landscape of AI Ethics Guidelines." Nature Machine Intelligence 1 (2019): 389–399.  

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(2022) #

UNESCO, Berlin Declaration on Education for Sustainable Development: Learn for Our Planet, Act for Sustainability, UNESCO World Conference on Education for Sustainable Development, ED-2021/WS/17 (2022)

3. We are confident that education is a powerful enabler of positive change of mindsets and worldviews and that it can support the integration of all dimensions of sustainable development, of economy, society and the environment, ensuring that development trajectories are not exclusively orientated towards economic growth to the detriment of the planet, but towards the well-being of all within planetary boundaries.

4. We are confident that Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), anchored in SDG 4.7 and as an enabler for all 17 SDGs, is the foundation for the required transformation, providing everyone with the knowledge, skills, values and attitudes to become change agents for sustainable development. ESD enables learners to develop their cognitive and non-cognitive skills, such as critical thinking and competences for collaboration, problem solving, coping with complexity and risk, building resilience, thinking systemically and creatively, and empowering them to take responsible action as citizens, fulfilling their right to quality education as defined in SDG 4 -Education 2030. We believe that ESD must be based on and promote respect for nature, as well as human rights, democracy, the rule of law, Non-Discrimination

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, equity and gender Equality

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. In addition, it should promote intercultural understanding, cultural diversity, a culture of peace and non-violence, inclusion and the notion of responsible and active global citizenship.