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A

Ability to Appeal

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Ability to Restrict Processing

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Accountability

Accountability in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the professional practices and legal...

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Agency

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Agentic systems / AI agents

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AI & Hiring

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AI as Infrastructure

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AI Ethics

Defining the field.

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AI Lifecycle

Audit points in the AI lifecycle refer to critical checkpoints where assessments can be conducted...

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AI TRiSM

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Algorithm

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Algorithmic Bias

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Algorithmic Fairness Testing Tools

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Allocative Harms

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Anonymization

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Anthropomorphism

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ART: Arts and Culture

The Arts and Culture sector encompasses organizations, institutions, and individuals involved in the creation, preservation,...

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Artificial General Intelligence

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Artificial Intelligence

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Asilomar AI Principles

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Attribution

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Auditing Algorithms

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Augmentation v. Automation

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Automated Decision Systems

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Automated Machine Learning

Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) refers to the process of automating the application of machine learning...

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Automating Tasks, Not Jobs

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Autonomous Vehicles

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Autonomous Weapons

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Autonomy

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B

Belmont Report

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Beneficence

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Bias

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Big Data

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Biometrics

Biometrics refers to the automated recognition of individuals based on their unique physiological and behavioral...

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Black Box

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Bullying

Bullying in AI refers to the misuse or manipulation of artificial intelligence technologies, particularly generative...

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BUS: Business Sectors

The Business Sectors encompass a wide range of industries and enterprises engaged in commercial, industrial,...

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C

California Consumer Privacy Act

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Catastrophic Forgetting

Catastrophic forgetting, also known as catastrophic interference, is a phenomenon in artificial neural networks where...

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Chatbot

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CIA Triad

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Co-intelligence

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Cognitive Computing

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Colorado Consumer Protections for Artificial Intelligence

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COM: Media and Communication

The Media and Communication sector encompasses organizations, platforms, and individuals involved in the creation, dissemination,...

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Common Sense Open-Ended Plausible Answers

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Computer Vision

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Consent

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Constitutional AI

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Content Credentials

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Contextual Integrity

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Control

Fjeld, Achten, Hilligoss, Nagy, Srikumar write, “Control over the use of data” as a principle...

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CPA: Consumer Protection and Advocacy

The Consumer Protection and Advocacy sector encompasses organizations and entities dedicated to safeguarding the rights...

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D

Data Augmentation

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Data Mining

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Data Protection Officers

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Data Science

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Data-centric Engineering

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Database

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Decision Networks

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Deep Learning

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Deep Reinforcement Learning

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Deepfake

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DEF: Defense and Military

The Defense and Military sector encompasses all national efforts related to the protection of a...

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Design Thinking

Design thinking for AI.

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Deterministic Algorithm

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Dictionary Learning

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Diffusion

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Digital Citizenship

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Digital Exclusion

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Digital Pulse Processing

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Digital Twin

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Dignity

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Discriminative AI

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Disparate Impact

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Disparate Treatment

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E

EDU: Education and Research

The Education and Research sector encompasses institutions and organizations dedicated to teaching, learning, and scholarly...

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Emergent Behavior

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End-to-End Learning

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ENV: Environmental and Energy

The Environmental and Energy sector encompasses organizations and entities involved in managing natural resources, producing...

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Environmental Responsibility

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Equality

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Ethics Washing

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Evaluation

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Explainability

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Explainable AI

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Explicability

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F

Fairness

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FIN: Financial Services

The Financial Services sector encompasses institutions and organizations involved in managing money, providing financial products,...

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Fine Tuning

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Foundation Model

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Freedom

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Freedom and Autonomy

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G

Gaslighting

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Gaslighting in AI

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General Data Protection Regulation

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Generation 1

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Generation 2

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Generation 3

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Generations of Human Rights

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Generative Adversarial Network

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Generative Artificial Intelligence

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Generative Machine Learning

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Generative Pre-trained Transformer

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GOV: Government and Public Sector

The Government and Public Sector encompasses all institutions and organizations that are part of the...

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Guardrails

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H

Hallucination

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HHH

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HLTH: Healthcare and Public Health

The Healthcare and Public Health sector encompasses all organizations and entities involved in delivering health...

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Horizontal Legislation

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Human Alternatives

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Human Control

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Human Oversight

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Human-in-the-Loop

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I

Image Generation

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Insecure Output Handling

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INTL: International Organizations and Relations

The International Organizations and Relations sector encompasses entities that operate across national borders to address...

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J

Justice

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Justice in AI

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K

K-anonymity

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L

Large Language Models (LLMs)

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LAW: Legal and Law Enforcement

The Legal and Law Enforcement sector encompasses institutions and organizations responsible for upholding the law,...

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M

Machine Learning

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Monitoring Body

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N

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on the...

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Non-discrimination

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O

Open Government Procurement

Open Government Procurement refers to the principle that governments should be transparent and accountable in...

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P

Panopticon

The Panopticon, when applied to the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI), refers to a metaphorical...

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Parameters

In the context of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in machine learning and deep learning, parameters...

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Q

Q-learning

A reinforcement learning algorithm that enables an agent to learn the value of actions in...

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R

REG: Regulatory and Oversight Bodies

The Regulatory and Oversight Bodies sector encompasses organizations responsible for creating, implementing, and enforcing regulations,...

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Responsible AI Safety and Effectiveness (RAISE) Benchmarks

The Responsible AI Safety and Effectiveness (RAISE) Benchmarks are a comprehensive set of criteria and...

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Retrieval-Augmented Generation

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S

Safety

Safety in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the principle that AI systems...

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Self-Reflection Technology

Coined by Dr. Nathan C. Walker, the principal investigator of the AI Ethics Lab at...

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SOC: Social Services and Housing

The Social Services and Housing sector encompasses organizations and agencies dedicated to providing support, assistance,...

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Surveillance

Surveillance refers to the systematic monitoring, collection, and analysis of data regarding individuals or groups,...

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T

TECH: Technology and IT

The Technology and IT sector encompasses companies and organizations involved in the development, production, and...

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Temperature

Temperature in the context of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in generative models like language models,...

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TRAN: Transportation and Infrastructure

The Transportation and Infrastructure sector encompasses organizations and entities involved in the movement of people...

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Trolley Problem

Trolley Problem is a classic ethical thought experiment that raises questions about moral decision-making and...

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U

Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised Learning is a type of machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), where...

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V

Value Sensitive Design

Value Sensitive Design (VSD) is an approach to technology development that systematically incorporates human values...

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Values Alignment

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W

Weak AI (Narrow AI)

Weak AI, also known as Narrow AI, refers to artificial intelligence systems designed to perform...

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WORK: Employment and Labor

The Employment and Labor sector encompasses organizations, institutions, and entities involved in the facilitation of...

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X

XAI (eXplainable AI)

eXplainable AI (XAI) are AI systems that provide clear, understandable insights into how they reach...

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Y

Yielding AI Systems

Yielding AI Systems are designed to defer to human judgment or control, especially in critical...

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Z

Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL)

Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) is a machine learning paradigm in artificial intelligence (AI) where a model...

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Recommended Citation: "Glossary" In AI & Human Rights Index, edited by Nathan C. Walker, Dirk Brand, Caitlin Corrigan, Georgina Curto Rex, Alexander Kriebitz, Kanshukan Rajaratnam, and Tanya de Villiers-Botha. Camden, NJ: AI Ethics Lab, Rutgers University, 2024. Accessed November 16, 2024. https://aiethicslab.rutgers.edu/index/glossary/.

About
Project Insight
Moral Imagination
Human Rights Index

Dr. Nathan C. Walker
Principal Investigator, AI Ethics Lab

Rutgers University-Camden
College of Arts & Sciences
Department of Philosophy & Religion

AI Ethics Lab at the Digital Studies Center
Johnson Park Walt Whitman Building
143 Cooper St, Camden, NJ 08102

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