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Sectors #

The contributors of the AI & Human Rights Index have identified the following sectors as responsible for both using AI to protect and advance this human right.

ART: Arts and Culture
The Arts and Culture sector encompasses organizations, institutions, and individuals involved in the creation, preservation, and promotion of artistic and cultural expressions. This includes content creators, the entertainment industry, historical documentation centers, cultural institutions, museums, and arts organizations. The ART sector plays a vital role in enriching societies, fostering creativity, preserving heritage, and promoting cultural diversity and understanding.
ART-CRT: Content Creators
Content Creators are individuals or groups who produce artistic or cultural works, including visual artists, musicians, writers, filmmakers, and digital creators. They contribute to the cultural landscape by expressing ideas, emotions, and narratives through various mediums. These creators are accountable for using AI ethically in their creative processes and in how they distribute and monetize their work. This involves respecting intellectual property rights, avoiding plagiarism facilitated by AI, and ensuring that AI-generated content does not perpetuate stereotypes or infringe on cultural sensitivities. By integrating ethical AI practices, content creators can enhance their creativity while upholding artistic integrity and cultural respect. Examples include using AI tools for music composition or visual art creation as a means of inspiration, while ensuring the final work is original and not infringing on others' rights. Employing AI to analyze audience engagement data to tailor content that resonates with diverse audiences without compromising artistic vision or reinforcing harmful biases.
ART-ENT: Entertainment Industry
The Entertainment Industry comprises companies and professionals involved in the production, distribution, and promotion of entertainment content, such as films, television shows, music, and live performances. This industry significantly influences culture and public opinion. These entities are accountable for using AI ethically in content creation, marketing, and distribution. They must prevent the use of AI in ways that could lead to deepfakes, unauthorized use of likenesses, or manipulation of audiences. Ethical AI use can enhance production efficiency and audience engagement while protecting individual rights and promoting responsible content. Examples include implementing AI for special effects in films that respect performers' rights and obtain necessary consents. Using AI algorithms for content recommendations that promote diversity and avoid creating echo chambers or reinforcing stereotypes.
ART-HDC: Historical Documentation Centers
Historical Documentation Centers are institutions that collect, preserve, and provide access to historical records, archives, and artifacts. They play a crucial role in safeguarding cultural heritage and supporting research. These centers are accountable for using AI ethically to digitize and manage collections while respecting the provenance of artifacts and the rights of communities connected to them. They must ensure that AI does not misrepresent historical information or contribute to cultural appropriation. Examples include employing AI for digitizing and cataloging archives, making them more accessible to the public and researchers while ensuring accurate representation. Using AI to restore or reconstruct historical artifacts or documents, respecting the original context and cultural significance.
ART-INS: Cultural Institutions
Cultural Institutions include organizations such as libraries, theaters, cultural centers, and galleries that promote cultural activities and education. They foster community engagement and cultural appreciation. These institutions are accountable for using AI ethically to enhance visitor experiences, manage collections, and promote inclusivity. They must prevent biases in AI applications that could exclude or misrepresent certain cultures or communities. Examples include implementing AI-powered interactive exhibits that engage visitors of all backgrounds. Using AI analytics to understand visitor demographics and preferences, informing programming that is inclusive and representative of diverse cultures.
ART-MUS: Museums
Museums are institutions that collect, preserve, and exhibit artifacts of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific significance. They educate the public and contribute to cultural preservation. Museums are accountable for using AI ethically in curation, exhibition design, and visitor engagement. This includes respecting the cultural heritage of artifacts, obtaining proper consents for use, and ensuring that AI does not distort interpretations. Examples include using AI to create virtual reality experiences that allow visitors to explore exhibits remotely, expanding access while ensuring accurate representation. Employing AI for artifact preservation techniques, such as predicting degradation and optimizing conservation efforts.
ART-ORG: Arts Organizations
Arts Organizations are groups that support artists and promote the arts through funding, advocacy, education, and community programs. They play a key role in fostering artistic expression and cultural development. These organizations are accountable for using AI ethically to support artists and audiences equitably. They must ensure that AI tools do not introduce biases in grant allocations, program selections, or audience targeting. Examples include utilizing AI to analyze grant applications objectively, ensuring fair consideration for artists from diverse backgrounds. Implementing AI-driven marketing strategies that reach wider audiences without infringing on privacy or perpetuating stereotypes.
Summary
By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights in arts and culture. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to enhance creativity, preserve cultural heritage, promote diversity, and ensure that artistic expressions respect the rights and dignity of all individuals and communities.
Disclaimer: Our global network of contributors to the AI & Human Rights Index is currently writing these articles and glossary entries. This particular page is currently in the research and review stage. Please return later to see where this page is in the editorial workflow. Thank you! We look forward to learning with and from you.
BUS: Business Sectors
The Business Sectors encompass a wide range of industries and enterprises engaged in commercial, industrial, and professional activities. This includes agriculture industries, the automotive industry, corporations and enterprises, energy companies, financial services, gig economy platforms, manufacturing industries, marketing and advertising firms, pharmaceutical companies, retail companies, small and medium-sized enterprises, service industries, and technology companies. The BUS sector plays a significant role in economic development, job creation, innovation, and the provision of goods and services that meet societal needs.
BUS-AGR: Agriculture Industries
Agriculture Industries involve the cultivation of crops, raising of livestock, and production of food and raw materials. This sector is fundamental to food security and the sustenance of populations worldwide. These industries are accountable for using AI ethically to enhance productivity, sustainability, and resilience while respecting environmental and human rights. They must ensure that AI applications do not lead to unfair labor practices, environmental degradation, or exploitation of small-scale farmers. Examples include implementing AI-powered precision agriculture techniques that optimize resource use, reduce waste, and minimize environmental impact without displacing workers unjustly. Using AI to forecast weather patterns and crop diseases, supporting farmers in making informed decisions while ensuring access to technology for smallholders.
BUS-AUT: Automotive Industry
The Automotive Industry encompasses companies involved in the design, manufacture, marketing, and sale of motor vehicles. This sector is integral to transportation and has significant economic and environmental implications. These companies are accountable for using AI ethically in vehicle development, manufacturing processes, and customer interactions. They must ensure that AI technologies, such as autonomous driving systems, are safe, reliable, and respect user privacy and safety standards. Examples include developing AI-driven autonomous vehicles with robust safety measures, thoroughly tested to prevent accidents and protect passengers and pedestrians. Using AI in manufacturing to improve efficiency and product quality without violating labor rights or displacing workers without fair transition support.
BUS-COR: Corporations and Enterprises
Corporations and Enterprises are large businesses operating in various industries, providing goods and services on a national or global scale. They have substantial influence on economies, employment, and societal trends. These entities are accountable for integrating ethical AI practices across their operations, from supply chain management to customer engagement. They must prevent AI-driven decisions that could lead to discrimination, privacy violations, or environmental harm. Examples include using AI for supply chain optimization that ensures ethical sourcing and transparency, avoiding suppliers involved in labor abuses. Implementing AI in customer service to enhance user experience while protecting personal data and avoiding biased interactions.
BUS-ENE: Energy Companies
Energy Companies are involved in the production, distribution, and sale of energy, including fossil fuels, electricity, and renewable energy sources. They play a critical role in powering economies and impacting environmental sustainability. These companies are accountable for using AI ethically to optimize energy production and consumption while reducing environmental impact. They must prevent AI applications from contributing to environmental degradation or infringing on community rights. Examples include utilizing AI for predictive maintenance of equipment to prevent accidents and environmental spills. Implementing AI systems to manage energy grids efficiently, integrating renewable energy sources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
BUS-FIN: Financial Services
Financial Services include institutions that manage money, provide banking services, insurance, investment, and facilitate financial transactions. They are essential for economic stability and growth. These institutions are accountable for using AI ethically in financial decision-making, customer interactions, and risk management. They must prevent discriminatory practices, protect customer data, and promote financial inclusion. Examples include employing AI algorithms for credit scoring that are transparent and free from biases, ensuring fair access to loans. Using AI in fraud detection to protect customers without infringing on privacy or unfairly targeting certain groups.
BUS-GIG: Gig Economy Platforms
Gig Economy Platforms are digital marketplaces that connect freelancers or contractors with clients for short-term work or services. They have transformed traditional employment models. These platforms are accountable for using AI ethically to manage work allocation, compensation, and worker evaluations. They must ensure fair treatment of gig workers, prevent exploitation, and protect their rights. Examples include implementing AI systems that distribute work opportunities equitably among workers. Using AI to set fair pricing for services, avoiding algorithms that depress wages or create unfair competition.
BUS-MAN: Manufacturing Industries
Manufacturing Industries produce goods using labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing. They are a cornerstone of economic development and innovation. These industries are accountable for using AI ethically in production processes, ensuring worker safety, and environmental stewardship. They must prevent job displacement without support, unsafe working conditions, or environmental harm due to AI implementations. Examples include using AI-powered robots to enhance production efficiency while retraining workers for new roles, avoiding mass layoffs. Implementing AI for quality control to reduce waste and defects, contributing to sustainable manufacturing practices.
BUS-MKT: Marketing and Advertising Firms
Marketing and Advertising Firms specialize in promoting products and services to consumers. They influence consumer behavior and market trends. These firms are accountable for using AI ethically in targeting, data collection, and content creation. They must respect consumer privacy, avoid manipulative practices, and prevent the spread of misinformation. Examples include using AI for personalized advertising that respects user consent and privacy preferences. Implementing AI analytics to understand consumer needs without exploiting vulnerabilities or reinforcing harmful stereotypes.
BUS-PHC: Pharmaceutical Companies
Pharmaceutical Companies research, develop, produce, and market drugs and medical devices. They contribute to healthcare advancements and public health. These companies are accountable for using AI ethically in drug discovery, clinical trials, and marketing. They must ensure patient safety, data privacy, and avoid biases that could affect treatment accessibility. Examples include employing AI to accelerate drug discovery processes while ensuring clinical trials are inclusive and representative. Using AI to monitor drug safety post-market, protecting patient health by identifying adverse effects promptly.
BUS-RET: Retail Companies
Retail Companies sell goods and services directly to consumers through physical stores or online platforms. They impact consumer choices and economic activity. These companies are accountable for using AI ethically in customer service, inventory management, and marketing. They must protect consumer data, avoid discriminatory pricing or services, and ensure fair labor practices in supply chains. Examples include implementing AI for personalized shopping experiences while safeguarding customer privacy. Using AI in supply chain management to ensure products are sourced ethically and sustainably.
BUS-SME: Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are businesses with a limited scale in terms of employees and revenue. They are vital for economic diversity and community development. SMEs are accountable for adopting AI ethically to enhance competitiveness without compromising ethical standards. They must ensure that AI use respects customer rights, employee well-being, and legal obligations. Examples include using AI chatbots to improve customer service accessibility while ensuring interactions are respectful and data is protected. Implementing AI tools to optimize operations, supporting business growth without reducing workforce unfairly.
BUS-SVC: Service Industries
Service Industries provide intangible goods like healthcare, hospitality, finance, education, and entertainment. They are essential for societal functioning and quality of life. These industries are accountable for using AI ethically to enhance service delivery, customer satisfaction, and operational efficiency. They must prevent biases, protect personal data, and ensure accessibility. Examples include using AI in healthcare for patient diagnostics, ensuring accuracy and avoiding biases that could affect treatment. Implementing AI in hospitality to personalize guest experiences while respecting privacy and cultural sensitivities.
BUS-TECH: Technology Companies
Technology Companies develop and sell technology products or services, including software, hardware, and IT solutions. They drive innovation and digital transformation. These companies are accountable for ensuring that AI technologies are developed and deployed ethically, promoting transparency, fairness, and accountability. They must prevent biases in AI algorithms, protect user data, and consider societal impacts. Examples include creating AI applications that are transparent and explainable, allowing users to understand and challenge decisions. Implementing robust security measures in AI products to protect against misuse or cyber threats.
Summary
By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights in the business domain. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to foster innovation, drive economic growth, and meet societal needs while safeguarding individual rights, promoting fairness, and ensuring sustainable practices.
Disclaimer: Our global network of contributors to the AI & Human Rights Index is currently writing these articles and glossary entries. This particular page is currently in the research and review stage. Please return later to see where this page is in the editorial workflow. Thank you! We look forward to learning with and from you.
COM: Media and Communication
The Media and Communication sector encompasses organizations, platforms, and individuals involved in the creation, dissemination, and exchange of information and content. This includes content creators, arts and entertainment entities, news and media organizations, publishing and recording media, publishing industries, social media platforms, and telecommunications companies. The COM sector plays a crucial role in shaping public discourse, informing societies, and fostering connectivity, thereby influencing cultural, social, and political landscapes.
COM-CRT: Content Creators
Content Creators are individuals or groups who produce original content across various mediums, including writing, audio, video, and digital formats. They contribute to the diversity of information and entertainment available to the public. These creators are accountable for using AI ethically in content creation and distribution. This involves ensuring that AI tools do not infringe on intellectual property rights, propagate misinformation, or perpetuate biases and stereotypes. By integrating ethical AI practices, content creators can enhance creativity and reach while maintaining integrity and respecting audience rights. Examples include using AI for editing and enhancing content, such as automated video editing software, while ensuring that the final product is original and respects copyright laws. Employing AI analytics to understand audience engagement and tailor content without manipulating or exploiting user data.
COM-ENT: Arts and Entertainment
The Arts and Entertainment sector includes organizations and individuals involved in producing and distributing artistic and entertainment content, such as films, music, theater, and performances. This sector significantly influences culture and societal values. These entities are accountable for using AI ethically in content production, distribution, and marketing. They must prevent the misuse of AI in creating deepfakes, unauthorized use of individuals' likenesses, or generating content that spreads harmful stereotypes. Ethical AI use can enhance production efficiency and audience engagement while promoting responsible content. Examples include implementing AI for special effects in films that respect performers' rights and obtain necessary consents. Using AI algorithms for content recommendations that promote diversity and avoid reinforcing biases or creating echo chambers.
COM-NMO: News and Media Organizations
News and Media Organizations are entities that gather, produce, and distribute news and information to the public through various channels, including print, broadcast, and digital media. They play a critical role in informing the public and shaping public opinion. These organizations are accountable for using AI ethically in news gathering, content curation, and dissemination. This includes preventing the spread of misinformation, ensuring fairness and accuracy, and avoiding biases in AI-driven news algorithms. They must also respect privacy rights in data collection and protect journalistic integrity. Examples include using AI to automate fact-checking processes, enhancing the accuracy of reporting. Implementing AI algorithms for personalized news feeds that provide balanced perspectives and avoid creating filter bubbles.
COM-PRM: Publishing and Recording Media
Publishing and Recording Media entities are involved in producing and distributing written, audio, and visual content, including books, music recordings, podcasts, and other media formats. They support artists and authors in reaching audiences. These entities are accountable for using AI ethically in content production, distribution, and rights management. They must respect intellectual property rights, ensure fair compensation for creators, and prevent unauthorized reproduction or distribution facilitated by AI. Examples include employing AI to convert books into audiobooks using synthetic voices, ensuring that proper licenses and consents are obtained. Using AI to detect and prevent piracy or unauthorized sharing of digital content.
COM-PUB: Publishing Industries
The Publishing Industries focus on producing and disseminating literature, academic works, and informational content across various platforms. They contribute to education, culture, and the preservation of knowledge. These industries are accountable for using AI ethically in editing, production, and distribution processes. They must prevent biases in AI tools used for content selection or editing that could marginalize certain voices or perspectives. They should also respect authors' rights and ensure that AI does not infringe on intellectual property. Examples include using AI for manuscript editing and proofreading, enhancing efficiency while ensuring that the author's voice and intent are preserved. Implementing AI to recommend books to readers, promoting a diverse range of authors and topics.
COM-SMP: Social Media Platforms
Social Media Platforms are online services that enable users to create and share content or participate in social networking. They have a significant impact on communication, information dissemination, and social interaction. These platforms are accountable for using AI ethically in content moderation, recommendation algorithms, and advertising. They must prevent the spread of misinformation, hate speech, and harmful content, protect user data, and avoid algorithmic biases that could lead to echo chambers or discrimination. Examples include using AI to detect and remove harmful content such as harassment or incitement to violence while respecting freedom of expression. Implementing transparent algorithms that provide diverse content and prevent the reinforcement of biases.
COM-TEL: Telecommunications Companies
Telecommunications Companies provide communication services such as telephone, internet, and data transmission. They build and maintain the infrastructure that enables connectivity and digital communication globally. These companies are accountable for using AI ethically to manage networks, improve services, and protect user data. They must ensure that AI applications do not infringe on privacy rights, enable unlawful surveillance, or discriminate against certain users. Examples include employing AI to optimize network performance, enhancing service quality without accessing or exploiting user communications. Using AI-driven security measures to protect networks from cyber threats while respecting legal obligations regarding data privacy.
Summary
By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights in media and communication. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to enhance information dissemination, foster connectivity, and enrich cultural experiences while safeguarding individual rights, promoting diversity, and ensuring accurate and fair communication.
Disclaimer: Our global network of contributors to the AI & Human Rights Index is currently writing these articles and glossary entries. This particular page is currently in the research and review stage. Please return later to see where this page is in the editorial workflow. Thank you! We look forward to learning with and from you.
DEF: Defense and Military
The Defense and Military sector encompasses all national efforts related to the protection of a country's sovereignty. This includes its armed forces, defense strategies, and security policies. The DEF sector plays a crucial role in maintaining national security, deterring aggression, and responding to threats both domestically and internationally.
DEF-GSP: Government Surveillance Programs
Government Surveillance Programs involve government agencies monitoring and collecting data to enhance national security and public safety. These programs use various technologies, including AI, to detect and prevent criminal activities, terrorism, and other threats to society. The DEF-GSP sector is accountable for ensuring that AI is used ethically in Government Surveillance Programs. This commitment is aimed at preventing abuses such as unlawful surveillance and violations of privacy rights. By adhering to legal frameworks and human rights standards, they must balance security objectives with the protection of individual freedoms, providing reassurance about the ethical use of AI in surveillance Examples include implementing AI systems that anonymize personal data to prevent profiling and discrimination while still identifying potential security threats. Establishing oversight committees to monitor AI surveillance tools, ensuring they comply with privacy laws and do not infringe upon civil liberties.
DEF-INTL: International Defense Bodies
International Defense Bodies are organizations formed by multiple nations to collaborate on defense and security matters, such as NATO or UN peacekeeping forces. They work collectively to address global security challenges and promote international stability. These bodies are responsible for ensuring that AI technologies used in multinational defense operations adhere to international humanitarian law and human rights treaties. They must prevent AI applications from escalating conflicts or causing unintended harm. Examples include, developing international agreements on the ethical use of AI in warfare to prohibit autonomous weapons that operate without meaningful human control. Sharing best practices and setting standards for AI deployment in defense to protect civilians and uphold human rights during joint operations.
DEF-MIL: Military Branches
Military Branches comprise the various parts of a nation's armed forces, including the army, navy, air force, and cyber units. They are responsible for defending their country against external threats and conducting military operations. Military sectors must ensure that AI integration into defense systems complies with the laws of armed conflict and respects human rights. They are accountable for preventing AI from facilitating unlawful targeting or disproportionate use of force. Examples include incorporating AI in decision-support systems that assist commanders while ensuring a human remains in control of critical combat decisions. Using AI for predictive maintenance of equipment to enhance safety without compromising the rights and safety of military personnel or civilians.
DEF-PDC: Private Defense Contractors
Private Defense Contractors are companies that provide military equipment, technology, and services to government defense agencies. They play a significant role in the research, development, and deployment of AI technologies for defense purposes. These contractors are accountable for creating AI systems that do not contribute to human rights abuses. They must adhere to ethical standards and legal regulations, ensuring their technologies are designed and used responsibly. Examples include implementing ethical design principles and conducting human rights impact assessments during the development of AI systems. Refusing to develop or sell AI technologies intended for mass surveillance or autonomous weaponry that could be used unlawfully.
DEF-PKO: Peacekeeping Organizations
Peacekeeping Organizations operate under international mandates to help maintain or restore peace in conflict zones. They deploy military and civilian personnel to support ceasefires, protect civilians, and assist in political processes. These organizations are responsible for using AI to enhance their missions while upholding human rights standards. They must ensure AI aids in protecting vulnerable populations without infringing on their rights or exacerbating conflicts. Examples include utilizing AI-powered data analytics to predict conflict hotspots and allocate resources effectively, thereby preventing violence and safeguarding human lives. Deploying AI systems to monitor compliance with peace agreements while ensuring that data collection respects the privacy and consent of local communities.
Summary
By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to ensure security measures do not come at the expense of individual freedoms and dignity.
Disclaimer: Our global network of contributors to the AI & Human Rights Index is currently writing these articles and glossary entries. This particular page is currently in the research and review stage. Please return later to see where this page is in the editorial workflow. Thank you! We look forward to learning with and from you.
EDU: Education and Research
The Education and Research sector encompasses institutions and organizations dedicated to teaching, learning, and scholarly investigation. This includes schools, universities, research institutes, and think tanks. The EDU sector plays a pivotal role in advancing knowledge, fostering innovation, and shaping the minds of future generations.
EDU-INS: Educational Institutions
Educational Institutions include schools, colleges, and universities that provide formal education to students at various levels. They are responsible for delivering curricula, facilitating learning, and nurturing critical thinking skills. The EDU-INS sector is accountable for ensuring that AI is used ethically within educational settings. This commitment involves promoting equitable access to AI resources, protecting student data privacy, and preventing biases in AI-driven educational tools. By integrating ethical considerations into their use of AI, they can enhance learning outcomes while safeguarding students' rights. Examples include implementing AI-powered personalized learning platforms that adapt to individual student needs without compromising their privacy. Another example is using AI to detect and mitigate biases in educational materials, ensuring fair representation of diverse perspectives.
EDU-RES: Research Organizations
Research Organizations comprise universities, laboratories, and independent institutes engaged in scientific and scholarly research. They contribute to the advancement of knowledge across various fields, including AI and machine learning. These organizations are accountable for conducting AI research responsibly, adhering to ethical guidelines, and considering the societal implications of their work. They must ensure that their research does not contribute to human rights abuses and instead advances human welfare. Examples include conducting interdisciplinary research on AI ethics to inform policy and practice. Developing AI technologies that address social challenges, such as healthcare disparities or environmental sustainability, while ensuring that these technologies are accessible and do not exacerbate inequalities.
EDU-POL: Educational Policy Makers
Educational Policy Makers include government agencies, educational boards, and regulatory bodies that develop policies and standards for the education sector. They shape the educational landscape through legislation, funding, and oversight. They are accountable for creating policies that promote the ethical use of AI in education and research. This includes establishing guidelines for data privacy, equity in access to AI resources, and integration of AI ethics into curricula. Examples include drafting regulations that protect student data collected by AI tools, ensuring it is used appropriately and securely. Mandating the inclusion of AI ethics courses in educational programs to prepare students for responsible AI development and use.
EDU-TEC: Educational Technology Providers
Educational Technology Providers are companies and organizations that develop and supply technological tools and platforms for education. They create software, hardware, and AI applications that support teaching and learning processes. These providers are accountable for designing AI educational tools that are ethical, inclusive, and respect users' rights. They must prevent biases in AI algorithms, protect user data, and ensure their products do not inadvertently harm or disadvantage any group. Examples include developing AI-driven learning apps that are accessible to students with disabilities, adhering to universal design principles. Implementing robust data security measures to protect sensitive information collected through educational platforms.
EDU-FND: Educational Foundations and NGOs
Educational Foundations and NGOs are non-profit organizations focused on improving education systems and outcomes. They often support educational initiatives, fund research, and advocate for policy changes. They are accountable for promoting ethical AI practices in education through funding, advocacy, and program implementation. They can influence the sector by supporting projects that prioritize human rights and ethical considerations in AI. Examples include funding research on the impacts of AI in education to inform best practices. Advocating for policies that ensure equitable access to AI technologies in under-resourced schools, bridging the digital divide.
Summary
By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights in education. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to enhance learning while safeguarding the rights and dignity of all learners.
Disclaimer: Our global network of contributors to the AI & Human Rights Index is currently writing these articles and glossary entries. This particular page is currently in the research and review stage. Please return later to see where this page is in the editorial workflow. Thank you! We look forward to learning with and from you.
FIN: Financial Services
The Financial Services sector encompasses institutions and organizations involved in managing money, providing financial products, and facilitating economic transactions. This includes banking, insurance, investment firms, mortgage lenders, and financial technology companies. The FIN sector plays a crucial role in the global economy by enabling financial intermediation, promoting economic growth, and supporting individuals and businesses in managing their financial needs.
FIN-BNK: Banking and Financial Services
Banking and Financial Services include institutions that accept deposits, provide loans, and offer a range of financial services to individuals, businesses, and governments. They are central to payment systems, credit allocation, and financial stability. The FIN-BNK sector is accountable for ensuring that AI is used ethically within banking operations. This commitment involves preventing discriminatory practices, protecting customer data, and promoting financial inclusion. Banks must ensure that AI algorithms used in credit scoring, fraud detection, and customer service do not infringe on human rights. Examples include implementing AI-driven credit assessment tools that are transparent and free from biases, ensuring fair access to loans for all customers. Using AI-powered fraud detection systems to protect customers from financial crimes while respecting their privacy and data protection rights.
FIN-FIN: Financial Technology Companies
Financial Technology (FinTech) Companies use innovative technology to provide financial services more efficiently and effectively. They offer digital payment solutions, peer-to-peer lending, crowdfunding platforms, and other disruptive financial products. These companies are accountable for ensuring that their AI applications do not exploit consumers, compromise data security, or exclude underserved populations. They must adhere to ethical standards, promote transparency, and protect user data to advance human rights in the digital financial landscape. Examples include developing AI-powered financial management apps that offer personalized advice while safeguarding user data and ensuring confidentiality. Using AI to expand access to financial services in remote or underserved areas, helping to reduce economic inequality.
FIN-INS: Insurance Companies
Insurance Companies provide risk management services by offering policies that protect individuals and businesses from financial losses due to unforeseen events. They assess risks, collect premiums, and process claims. The FIN-INS sector is accountable for using AI ethically in underwriting and claims processing. This includes preventing biases in risk assessment algorithms that could lead to unfair denial of coverage or discriminatory pricing. They must ensure that AI enhances fairness and transparency in their services. Examples include utilizing AI algorithms that evaluate risk factors without discriminating based on race, gender, or socioeconomic status. Implementing AI-driven claims processing systems that expedite payouts to policyholders while ensuring accurate and fair assessments.
FIN-INV: Investment Firms
Investment Firms manage assets on behalf of clients, investing in stocks, bonds, real estate, and other assets to generate returns. They provide financial advice, portfolio management, and wealth planning services. These firms are accountable for ensuring that AI algorithms used in trading and investment decisions are transparent, ethical, and do not manipulate markets. They should consider the social and environmental impact of their investment strategies, promoting responsible investing. Examples include employing AI for market analysis and portfolio optimization while avoiding practices that could lead to market instability or unfair advantages. Using AI to identify and invest in companies with strong environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices, supporting sustainable development.
FIN-MTG: Mortgage Lenders
Mortgage Lenders provide loans to individuals and businesses for the purchase of real estate. They play a vital role in enabling homeownership and supporting the property market. The FIN-MTG sector is accountable for using AI in loan approval processes ethically, ensuring that algorithms do not discriminate against applicants based on unlawful criteria. They must promote fair lending practices and protect applicants' personal information. Examples include implementing AI-driven underwriting systems that assess creditworthiness fairly, giving equal opportunity for homeownership regardless of race, gender, or other protected characteristics. Using AI to streamline the mortgage application process, making it more accessible and efficient while maintaining data privacy and security.
Summary
By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights in financial services. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to promote financial inclusion, protect consumers, and ensure fairness and transparency in financial activities.
Disclaimer: Our global network of contributors to the AI & Human Rights Index is currently writing these articles and glossary entries. This particular page is currently in the research and review stage. Please return later to see where this page is in the editorial workflow. Thank you! We look forward to learning with and from you.
GOV: Government and Public Sector
The Government and Public Sector encompasses all institutions and organizations that are part of the governmental framework at the local, regional, and national levels. This includes government agencies, civil registration services, economic planning bodies, public officials, public services, regulatory bodies, and government surveillance entities. The GOV sector is responsible for creating and implementing policies, providing public services, and upholding the rule of law. It plays a vital role in shaping society, promoting the welfare of citizens, and ensuring the effective functioning of the state.
GOV-AGY: Government Agencies
Government Agencies are administrative units of the government responsible for specific functions such as health, education, transportation, and environmental protection. They implement laws, deliver public services, and regulate various sectors. The GOV-AGY sector is accountable for ensuring that AI is used ethically in public administration. This includes promoting transparency, protecting citizens' data, and preventing biases in AI systems that could lead to unfair treatment. By integrating ethical AI practices, government agencies can enhance service delivery while upholding human rights. Examples include using AI-powered chatbots to improve citizen access to information and services while ensuring data privacy and security. Implementing AI in processing applications or claims efficiently, without discriminating against any group based on race, gender, or socioeconomic status.
GOV-CRS: Civil Registration Services
Civil Registration Services are responsible for recording vital events such as births, deaths, marriages, and divorces. They maintain official records essential for legal identity and access to services. These services are accountable for using AI ethically to manage and protect personal data. They must ensure that AI systems used in data processing do not compromise the privacy or security of individuals' sensitive information. Ethical AI use can improve accuracy and efficiency in maintaining civil records. Examples include employing AI to detect and correct errors in civil records, ensuring that individuals' legal identities are accurately reflected. Using AI to streamline the registration process, making it more accessible while safeguarding personal data against unauthorized access.
GOV-ECN: Economic Planning Bodies
Economic Planning Bodies are government entities that develop strategies for economic growth, resource allocation, and development policies. They analyze economic data to inform decision-making and promote national prosperity. The GOV-ECN sector is accountable for using AI in economic planning ethically. This involves ensuring that AI models do not perpetuate economic disparities or exclude marginalized communities from development benefits. By applying ethical AI, they can promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth. Examples include utilizing AI for economic forecasting to make informed policy decisions that benefit all segments of society. Implementing AI to assess the potential impact of economic policies on different demographics, thereby promoting equity and reducing inequality.
GOV-PPM: Public Officials
Public Officials include elected representatives and appointed officers who hold positions of authority within the government. They are responsible for making decisions, enacting laws, and overseeing the implementation of policies. Public officials are accountable for promoting the ethical use of AI in governance. They must ensure that AI technologies are used to enhance democratic processes, increase transparency, and protect citizens' rights. Their leadership is crucial in setting ethical standards and regulations for AI deployment. Examples include advocating for legislation that regulates AI use to prevent abuses such as mass surveillance or algorithmic discrimination. Using AI tools to engage with constituents more effectively, such as sentiment analysis on public feedback, while ensuring that such tools respect privacy and free speech rights.
GOV-PUB: Public Services
Public Services encompass various services provided by the government to its citizens, including healthcare, education, transportation, and public safety. These services aim to meet the needs of the public and improve quality of life. The GOV-PUB sector is accountable for integrating AI into public services ethically. This involves ensuring equitable access, preventing biases, and protecting user data. Ethical AI use can enhance service efficiency and effectiveness while respecting human rights. Examples include deploying AI in public healthcare systems to predict disease outbreaks and allocate resources efficiently, without compromising patient confidentiality. Using AI in public transportation to optimize routes and schedules, improving accessibility while safeguarding passenger data.
GOV-REG: Regulatory Bodies
Regulatory Bodies are government agencies tasked with overseeing specific industries or activities to ensure compliance with laws and regulations. They protect public interests by enforcing standards and addressing misconduct. These bodies are accountable for regulating the ethical use of AI across various sectors. They must develop guidelines and enforce compliance to prevent AI-related abuses, such as discrimination or privacy violations. Their role is critical in setting the framework for responsible AI deployment. Examples include establishing regulations that require transparency in AI algorithms used by companies, ensuring they do not discriminate against consumers. Monitoring and auditing AI systems to verify compliance with data protection laws and ethical standards.
GOV-SUR: Government Surveillance
Government Surveillance entities are responsible for monitoring activities for purposes such as national security, law enforcement, and public safety. They collect and analyze data to detect and prevent criminal activities and threats. The GOV-SUR sector is accountable for ensuring that AI used in surveillance respects human rights, including the rights to privacy and freedom of expression. They must balance security objectives with individual freedoms, adhering to legal frameworks and ethical standards. Examples include implementing AI-driven surveillance systems with strict oversight to prevent misuse and unauthorized access. Employing AI for specific, targeted investigations with appropriate warrants and legal processes, avoiding mass surveillance practices that infringe on citizens' rights.
Summary
By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights within government and public services. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to enhance governance, protect citizens, and promote transparency and fairness in public administration.
Disclaimer: Our global network of contributors to the AI & Human Rights Index is currently writing these articles and glossary entries. This particular page is currently in the research and review stage. Please return later to see where this page is in the editorial workflow. Thank you! We look forward to learning with and from you.
HLTH: Healthcare and Public Health
The Healthcare and Public Health sector encompasses all organizations and entities involved in delivering health services, promoting wellness, preventing disease, and managing health-related technologies and products. This includes healthcare providers, health insurance companies, healthcare technology companies, medical device manufacturers, mental health services, public health agencies, and pharmaceutical companies. The HLTH sector plays a vital role in maintaining and improving the health of individuals and communities, advancing medical knowledge, and ensuring access to quality healthcare.
HLTH-HCP: Healthcare Providers
Healthcare Providers include hospitals, clinics, doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals who deliver direct patient care. They diagnose illnesses, provide treatments, and promote health and well-being. These providers are accountable for ensuring that AI is used ethically in patient care. This involves protecting patient privacy, obtaining informed consent for AI-assisted treatments, and preventing biases in AI diagnostics that could lead to misdiagnosis or unequal treatment. By integrating ethical AI practices, healthcare providers can enhance patient outcomes while upholding human rights. Examples include using AI-powered diagnostic tools that assist in identifying diseases accurately, ensuring they are validated across diverse populations to prevent racial or gender biases. Implementing AI systems for patient monitoring that respect privacy and data security, alerting healthcare professionals to critical changes without compromising patient confidentiality.
HLTH-HIC: Health Insurance Companies
Health Insurance Companies offer policies that cover medical expenses for individuals and groups. They manage risk pools, process claims, and work with healthcare providers to facilitate patient care. The HLTH-HIC sector is accountable for using AI ethically in underwriting and claims processing. This includes preventing discriminatory practices in policy offerings and ensuring transparency in decision-making processes. They must protect sensitive customer data and promote equitable access to health insurance. Examples include employing AI algorithms that assess risk without discriminating based on pre-existing conditions, socioeconomic status, or other protected characteristics. Using AI to streamline claims processing, reducing delays in reimbursements while safeguarding personal health information.
HLTH-HTC: Healthcare Technology Companies
Healthcare Technology Companies develop software, applications, and technological solutions for the healthcare industry. They innovate in areas such as electronic health records, telemedicine platforms, and AI-powered health tools. These companies are accountable for designing AI technologies that are safe, effective, and respect patient rights. They must prevent biases in AI systems, ensure data security, and obtain necessary regulatory approvals. Ethical AI use can drive innovation while maintaining trust in digital health solutions. Examples include creating AI-driven telemedicine platforms that expand access to care in remote areas while protecting patient confidentiality. Developing AI applications that assist in medical imaging analysis, ensuring they are trained on diverse datasets to provide accurate results across different populations.
HLTH-MDC: Medical Device Manufacturers
Medical Device Manufacturers produce instruments, apparatuses, and machines used in medical diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. This includes everything from simple tools to complex AI-enabled devices. They are accountable for ensuring that AI-integrated medical devices are safe, effective, and compliant with regulatory standards. This involves rigorous testing, transparency in how AI algorithms function, and monitoring for unintended consequences. Ethical AI integration is essential to patient safety and trust. Examples include developing AI-powered wearable devices that monitor vital signs, ensuring they do not produce false alarms or miss critical conditions. Manufacturing surgical robots with AI capabilities that enhance precision while ensuring a surgeon remains in control to prevent errors.
HLTH-MHS: Mental Health Services
Mental Health Services provide support for individuals dealing with mental health conditions through counseling, therapy, and psychiatric care. They play a crucial role in promoting mental well-being and treating mental illnesses. The HLTH-MHS sector is accountable for using AI ethically to enhance mental health care. This includes protecting patient privacy, obtaining informed consent, and ensuring AI tools do not replace human empathy and judgment. Ethical AI can support mental health professionals while respecting patients' rights. Examples include using AI chatbots to provide preliminary mental health assessments, ensuring they direct individuals to professional care when needed and maintain confidentiality. Implementing AI analytics to identify patterns in patient data that can inform treatment plans without stigmatizing individuals.
HLTH-PHA: Public Health Agencies
Public Health Agencies are government bodies responsible for monitoring and improving the health of populations. They conduct disease surveillance, promote health education, and implement policies to prevent illness and injury. These agencies are accountable for using AI ethically in public health initiatives. This involves ensuring data collected is used responsibly, protecting individual privacy, and preventing misuse of information. Ethical AI can enhance public health responses while maintaining public trust. Examples include employing AI to predict and track disease outbreaks, enabling timely interventions while anonymizing personal data to protect privacy. Using AI to analyze health trends and inform policy decisions that address health disparities without discriminating against vulnerable groups.
HLTH-PHC: Pharmaceutical Companies
Pharmaceutical Companies research, develop, manufacture, and market medications. They play a critical role in treating diseases, alleviating symptoms, and improving quality of life. The HLTH-PHC sector is accountable for using AI ethically in drug discovery, clinical trials, and marketing. This includes ensuring that AI models do not introduce biases, respecting patient consent, and being transparent about AI's role in decision-making processes. Ethical AI use can accelerate medical advancements while safeguarding patient rights. Examples include using AI algorithms to identify potential drug candidates more efficiently, ensuring that clinical trial data is representative and unbiased. Implementing AI to monitor adverse drug reactions post-market, protecting patient safety through proactive measures.
Summary
By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights in healthcare and public health. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to improve health outcomes while respecting the rights, dignity, and privacy of all individuals.
Disclaimer: Our global network of contributors to the AI & Human Rights Index is currently writing these articles and glossary entries. This particular page is currently in the research and review stage. Please return later to see where this page is in the editorial workflow. Thank you! We look forward to learning with and from you.
INTL: International Organizations and Relations
The International Organizations and Relations sector encompasses entities that operate across national borders to address global challenges, promote cooperation, and uphold international laws and standards. This includes international courts, diplomatic organizations, development agencies, governmental organizations, human rights organizations, humanitarian organizations, monitoring bodies, non-governmental organizations, peacekeeping organizations, and refugee organizations. The INTL sector plays a crucial role in fostering peace, advancing human rights, facilitating humanitarian aid, and promoting sustainable development worldwide.
INTL-CRT: International Courts
International Courts are judicial bodies that adjudicate disputes between states, individuals, and organizations under international law. Examples include the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC). These courts are accountable for ensuring that AI is used ethically in legal proceedings and judicial administration. This involves using AI to enhance efficiency and access to justice while safeguarding due process rights, preventing biases, and maintaining transparency. By integrating ethical AI practices, international courts can uphold justice and human rights more effectively. Examples include employing AI for case management systems that organize and prioritize cases efficiently without compromising the fairness of proceedings. Using AI-assisted legal research tools to aid judges and lawyers in accessing relevant international laws and precedents, ensuring comprehensive and unbiased consideration of legal matters.
INTL-DIP: Diplomatic Organizations
Diplomatic Organizations consist of foreign affairs ministries, embassies, and diplomatic missions that manage international relations on behalf of states. They negotiate treaties, represent national interests, and foster cooperation between countries. These organizations are accountable for using AI ethically in diplomacy. This includes respecting privacy in communications, preventing misinformation, and promoting transparency. Ethical AI can enhance diplomatic efforts by providing data-driven insights while maintaining trust and respecting international norms. Examples include utilizing AI for language translation services to improve communication between diplomats of different nations, ensuring accuracy and cultural sensitivity. Implementing AI analytics to monitor global trends and inform foreign policy decisions without infringing on the sovereignty or rights of other nations.
INTL-DEV: Development Agencies
Development Agencies are organizations dedicated to promoting economic growth, reducing poverty, and improving living standards in developing countries. This includes entities like the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Bank. They are accountable for using AI ethically to advance sustainable development goals. This involves ensuring that AI initiatives do not exacerbate inequalities or infringe on local communities' rights. By adopting ethical AI, development agencies can enhance the effectiveness of their programs while promoting inclusive growth. Examples include deploying AI to analyze economic data and identify areas in need of investment, ensuring that interventions benefit marginalized populations. Using AI in agriculture to improve crop yields for smallholder farmers while safeguarding their land rights and traditional practices.
INTL-GOV: Governmental Organizations
International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) are entities formed by treaties between governments to work on common interests. Examples include the United Nations (UN), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). These organizations are accountable for setting ethical standards for AI use globally and ensuring that their own use of AI aligns with human rights principles. They must promote cooperation in regulating AI technologies and preventing their misuse. Examples include developing international guidelines for AI ethics that member states can adopt, fostering a coordinated approach to AI governance. Implementing AI in health surveillance to track disease outbreaks globally, ensuring data privacy and equitable access to healthcare resources.
INTL-HRN: Human Rights Organizations
Human Rights Organizations work to protect and promote human rights as defined by international law. They monitor violations, advocate for victims, and promote awareness of human rights issues. These organizations are accountable for using AI ethically to enhance their advocacy and monitoring efforts. This includes protecting the privacy of vulnerable individuals, preventing biases in data analysis, and ensuring transparency. Examples include using AI to analyze large volumes of data from social media and reports to identify potential human rights abuses while anonymizing data to protect identities. Employing AI translation tools to make human rights documents accessible in multiple languages, promoting global awareness.
INTL-HUM: Humanitarian Organizations
Humanitarian Organizations provide aid and relief during emergencies and crises, such as natural disasters, conflicts, and epidemics. Examples include the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders). They are accountable for using AI ethically to deliver aid effectively while respecting the dignity and rights of affected populations. This involves ensuring that AI does not infringe on privacy or exacerbate vulnerabilities. Examples include using AI to optimize logistics for delivering humanitarian aid, ensuring timely assistance without collecting unnecessary personal data. Implementing AI in needs assessments to identify the most vulnerable populations while obtaining informed consent and protecting sensitive information.
INTL-MON: Monitoring Bodies
Monitoring Bodies are organizations that observe and report on compliance with international agreements, such as human rights treaties or ceasefire agreements. They provide accountability and transparency in international affairs. These bodies are accountable for using AI ethically in monitoring activities. This includes ensuring accuracy, preventing biases, and respecting the rights of those being monitored. Ethical AI use can enhance their ability to detect violations without infringing on individual freedoms. Examples include employing AI to analyze satellite imagery for signs of conflict escalation or human rights abuses while ensuring data is used responsibly. Using AI to process large datasets from various sources to monitor compliance with environmental agreements, promoting transparency.
INTL-NGO: Non-Governmental Organizations
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) operate independently of governments to address social, environmental, and humanitarian issues. They advocate for policy changes, provide services, and raise public awareness. These organizations are accountable for using AI ethically in their programs and advocacy efforts. This involves protecting data privacy, preventing algorithmic biases, and promoting inclusivity. Ethical AI can amplify their impact while respecting the rights of those they serve. Examples include using AI to analyze environmental data for conservation efforts without infringing on indigenous peoples' land rights. Implementing AI-powered platforms to engage with supporters and the public, ensuring accessibility and preventing misinformation.
INTL-PKO: Peacekeeping Organizations
Peacekeeping Organizations operate under international mandates to help maintain or restore peace in conflict zones. They deploy military and civilian personnel to support ceasefires, protect civilians, and assist in political processes. They are accountable for using AI ethically to enhance peacekeeping missions while upholding human rights standards. This includes ensuring AI aids in protecting vulnerable populations without exacerbating conflicts or infringing on rights. Examples include utilizing AI-powered data analytics to predict conflict hotspots and allocate resources effectively, thereby preventing violence. Deploying AI systems for monitoring compliance with peace agreements while ensuring that data collection respects the privacy and consent of local communities.
INTL-REF: Refugee Organizations
Refugee Organizations work to protect and support refugees and displaced persons worldwide. Examples include the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and various NGOs dedicated to refugee assistance. These organizations are accountable for using AI ethically to improve the lives of refugees while safeguarding their rights. This involves protecting sensitive personal data, preventing discrimination, and ensuring equitable access to services. Examples include employing AI to manage refugee registration efficiently while ensuring data security and consent. Using AI translation tools to facilitate communication between refugees and service providers, enhancing access to essential services without language barriers.
Summary
By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights on a global scale. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to foster international cooperation, uphold justice, promote peace, and support vulnerable populations while respecting the rights and dignity of all individuals.
Disclaimer: Our global network of contributors to the AI & Human Rights Index is currently writing these articles and glossary entries. This particular page is currently in the research and review stage. Please return later to see where this page is in the editorial workflow. Thank you! We look forward to learning with and from you.
LAW: Legal and Law Enforcement
The Legal and Law Enforcement sector encompasses institutions and organizations responsible for upholding the law, ensuring justice, and maintaining public safety. This includes correctional facilities, law enforcement agencies, government surveillance programs, immigration and border control, judicial systems, legal tech companies, and private security firms. The LAW sector plays a critical role in protecting citizens' rights, enforcing laws, administering justice, and preserving social order.
LAW-COR: Correctional Facilities
Correctional Facilities include prisons, jails, and rehabilitation centers where individuals convicted of crimes serve their sentences. They aim to protect society, punish wrongdoing, and rehabilitate offenders for reintegration into the community. These facilities are accountable for ensuring that AI is used ethically to improve safety, rehabilitation, and operational efficiency without violating inmates' rights. This involves respecting privacy, preventing discriminatory practices, and promoting humane treatment. Ethical AI use can enhance rehabilitation efforts and support inmates' rights. Examples include using AI to assess inmates' needs and tailor rehabilitation programs accordingly, ensuring fair opportunities for all individuals. Implementing AI-powered monitoring systems to prevent violence or self-harm, while ensuring that surveillance respects privacy and is not overly intrusive.
LAW-ENF: Law Enforcement
Law Enforcement agencies include police departments, federal investigative bodies, and other entities responsible for enforcing laws, preventing crime, and protecting citizens. They maintain public order and safety through various means, including patrols, investigations, and community engagement. The LAW-ENF sector is accountable for using AI ethically in policing activities. This includes preventing biases in AI systems used for predictive policing, facial recognition, or resource allocation. They must protect citizens' rights to privacy, due process, and equal treatment under the law. Examples include employing AI analytics to identify crime patterns and allocate resources effectively without targeting specific communities unfairly. Using AI-powered tools to assist in investigations while ensuring that data collection and analysis comply with legal standards and respect individual rights.
LAW-GSP: Government Surveillance Programs
Government Surveillance Programs involve monitoring and collecting data by government agencies to enhance national security and public safety. They use technologies, including AI, to detect and prevent criminal activities, terrorism, and other threats to society. This sector is accountable for ensuring that AI is used ethically in surveillance programs. They must balance security objectives with the protection of individual freedoms, adhering to legal frameworks and human rights standards to prevent unlawful surveillance and violations of privacy rights. Examples include implementing AI systems that anonymize personal data to prevent profiling and discrimination while identifying potential security threats. Establishing oversight committees to monitor AI surveillance tools, ensuring compliance with privacy laws and civil liberties.
LAW-IMM: Immigration and Border Control
Immigration and Border Control agencies manage the movement of people across national borders. They enforce immigration laws, process visas and asylum applications, and protect against illegal entry and trafficking. These agencies are accountable for using AI ethically to facilitate lawful immigration and enhance border security while respecting human rights. This includes preventing discriminatory practices, ensuring fair treatment of all individuals, and protecting sensitive personal information. Examples include using AI to streamline visa application processes, making them more efficient and accessible while safeguarding applicants' data. Implementing AI systems for risk assessment at borders that are free from biases and do not discriminate based on nationality, ethnicity, or religion.
LAW-JUD: Judicial Systems
Judicial Systems comprise courts and related institutions responsible for interpreting laws, adjudicating disputes, and administering justice. They ensure that legal proceedings are fair, impartial, and follow due process. The LAW-JUD sector is accountable for ensuring that AI is used ethically in judicial processes. This involves using AI to enhance efficiency and access to justice while preventing biases in decision-making algorithms. They must maintain transparency and uphold the principles of fairness and equality before the law. Examples include employing AI for case management to reduce backlogs and expedite proceedings without compromising the quality of justice. Using AI tools to assist in legal research, providing judges and lawyers with comprehensive information while ensuring that recommendations do not introduce bias into judgments.
LAW-LTC: Legal Tech Companies
Legal Tech Companies develop technology solutions for the legal industry, including software for case management, document automation, legal research, and AI-powered analytics. These companies are accountable for designing AI tools that support the legal profession ethically. They must ensure that their products do not perpetuate biases, compromise client confidentiality, or undermine the integrity of legal processes. Examples include creating AI-driven legal research platforms that provide unbiased and comprehensive results, aiding lawyers in building fair cases. Developing AI tools for contract analysis that protect sensitive information and adhere to data privacy regulations.
LAW-SEC: Private Security Firms
Private Security Firms offer security services to individuals, businesses, and organizations. Their services include guarding property, personal protection, surveillance, and risk assessment. The LAW-SEC sector is accountable for using AI ethically to enhance security services without infringing on individuals' rights. This involves respecting privacy, avoiding discriminatory practices, and ensuring transparency in surveillance activities. Examples include implementing AI-powered surveillance systems that detect potential security threats while anonymizing data to protect privacy. Using AI for access control systems that verify identities without storing excessive personal information or discriminating against certain groups.
Summary
By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights within legal and law enforcement contexts. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to uphold justice, protect citizens, and ensure that the enforcement of laws does not come at the expense of individual freedoms and dignity.
Disclaimer: Our global network of contributors to the AI & Human Rights Index is currently writing these articles and glossary entries. This particular page is currently in the research and review stage. Please return later to see where this page is in the editorial workflow. Thank you! We look forward to learning with and from you.
SOC: Social Services and Housing
The Social Services and Housing sector encompasses organizations and agencies dedicated to providing support, assistance, and essential services to individuals and communities in need. This includes child welfare organizations, community support services, homeless shelters, housing authorities, non-profit organizations, social services, and welfare agencies. The SOC sector plays a vital role in promoting social welfare, reducing inequalities, and enhancing the quality of life for vulnerable populations.
SOC-CHA: Child Welfare Organizations
Child Welfare Organizations are dedicated to the well-being and protection of children. They work to prevent abuse and neglect, provide foster care and adoption services, and support families to ensure safe and nurturing environments for children. These organizations are accountable for ensuring that AI is used ethically to enhance child protection efforts while safeguarding children's rights and privacy. This includes preventing biases in AI systems that could lead to unfair treatment or discrimination against certain groups of children or families. By integrating ethical AI practices, they can improve the effectiveness of interventions and promote the best interests of the child. Examples include using AI to analyze data and identify risk factors for child abuse or neglect, enabling proactive support while ensuring data confidentiality. Implementing AI tools to match children with suitable foster families more efficiently, considering the child's needs and preferences without bias.
SOC-COM: Community Support Services
Community Support Services provide assistance and resources to individuals and families within a community. They address various needs, such as counseling, education, employment support, and access to healthcare. These services are accountable for using AI ethically to enhance service delivery and accessibility while respecting clients' rights and privacy. This involves preventing discrimination, ensuring inclusivity, and protecting sensitive information. Ethical AI can help tailor support to individual needs and improve outcomes. Examples include utilizing AI-driven platforms to connect community members with appropriate services and resources based on their unique circumstances, ensuring equitable access. Employing AI to analyze community needs and trends, informing program development and resource allocation without compromising individual privacy.
SOC-HOM: Homeless Shelters
Homeless Shelters provide temporary housing, food, and support services to individuals and families experiencing homelessness. They aim to meet immediate needs and assist clients in transitioning to stable housing. These shelters are accountable for using AI ethically to improve service efficiency and support clients while protecting their dignity and rights. This includes safeguarding personal data, preventing biases in service provision, and ensuring that AI does not create barriers to access. Examples include implementing AI systems to manage shelter capacity and resources effectively, ensuring that services are available when needed without disclosing personal information. Using AI to identify patterns that lead to homelessness, informing prevention strategies and policy interventions while respecting clients' privacy.
SOC-HOU: Housing Authorities
Housing Authorities are government agencies or organizations that develop, manage, and provide affordable housing options for low-income individuals and families. They work to ensure access to safe, decent, and affordable housing. These authorities are accountable for using AI ethically to allocate housing resources fairly and efficiently. This involves preventing discriminatory practices in housing assignments, protecting applicants' data, and promoting transparency in decision-making processes. Examples include employing AI algorithms to assess housing applications objectively, ensuring equal opportunity regardless of race, gender, or socioeconomic status. Using AI to predict maintenance needs in housing units, improving living conditions without infringing on residents' rights.
SOC-NPO: Non-Profit Organizations
Non-Profit Organizations in the social services sector work to address various social issues, such as poverty, hunger, education, and healthcare. They operate based on charitable missions rather than profit motives. These organizations are accountable for using AI ethically to enhance their programs and services while upholding beneficiaries' rights. This includes ensuring inclusivity, protecting data privacy, and avoiding biases that could disadvantage certain groups. Examples include utilizing AI to optimize fundraising efforts, targeting campaigns effectively without exploiting donor data. Implementing AI-driven tools to evaluate program effectiveness, informing improvements while respecting the privacy of those served.
SOC-SVC: Social Services
Social Services encompass a range of government-provided services aimed at supporting individuals and families in need. This includes financial assistance, disability services, elderly care, and employment support. These services are accountable for using AI ethically to deliver support efficiently while ensuring fairness and protecting clients' rights. They must prevent biases in eligibility assessments, safeguard personal information, and ensure that AI enhances rather than hinders access to services. Examples include using AI to process applications for assistance more quickly, reducing wait times while ensuring that eligibility criteria are applied consistently and fairly. Employing AI chatbots to provide information and guidance to applicants, improving accessibility while maintaining confidentiality.
SOC-WEL: Welfare Agencies
Welfare Agencies are government bodies that administer public assistance programs to support the economically disadvantaged. They provide services such as income support, food assistance, and healthcare subsidies. These agencies are accountable for using AI ethically to manage welfare programs effectively while upholding the rights and dignity of beneficiaries. This involves preventing errors or biases that could lead to wrongful denial of benefits, protecting sensitive data, and ensuring transparency. Examples include implementing AI systems to detect and prevent fraud in welfare programs without unjustly targeting or penalizing legitimate beneficiaries. Using AI analytics to identify trends and needs within the population served, informing policy decisions while safeguarding individual privacy. Summar By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights in social services and housing. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to enhance support for vulnerable populations, promote fairness and inclusivity, and ensure that the use of AI respects the rights, dignity, and privacy of all individuals.
Disclaimer: Our global network of contributors to the AI & Human Rights Index is currently writing these articles and glossary entries. This particular page is currently in the recruitment and research stage. Please return later to see where this page is in the editorial workflow. Thank you! We look forward to learning with and from you.
TECH: Technology and IT
The Technology and IT sector encompasses companies and organizations involved in the development, production, and maintenance of technology products and services. This includes technology companies, cybersecurity firms, digital platforms, educational technology companies, healthcare technology companies, legal tech companies, smart home device manufacturers, social media platforms, and telecommunications companies. The TECH sector plays a pivotal role in driving innovation, connecting people globally, and shaping how societies operate in the digital age.
TECH-COM: Technology Companies
Technology Companies are businesses that develop and sell technology products or services, such as software developers, hardware manufacturers, and IT service providers. They are at the forefront of technological advancements and influence various aspects of modern life. These companies are accountable for ensuring that AI is developed and deployed ethically, promoting transparency, fairness, and accountability. They must prevent biases in AI algorithms, protect user data, and consider the societal impact of their technologies. By integrating ethical AI practices, they can foster trust and contribute positively to society. Examples include developing AI applications that respect user privacy by minimizing data collection and implementing strong security measures. Creating AI systems that are transparent and explainable, allowing users to understand how decisions are made and challenging them if necessary.
TECH-CSF: Cybersecurity Firms
Cybersecurity Firms specialize in protecting computer systems, networks, and data from digital attacks, unauthorized access, or damage. They offer services like threat detection, vulnerability assessments, and incident response. These firms are accountable for using AI ethically to enhance cybersecurity while respecting privacy and legal boundaries. They must ensure that AI tools do not infringe on users' rights or engage in unauthorized surveillance. Ethical AI use can strengthen defenses against cyber threats without compromising individual freedoms. Examples include employing AI to detect and respond to cyber threats in real-time, protecting organizations and users from harm while ensuring that monitoring activities comply with privacy laws. Providing AI-driven security solutions that help organizations safeguard data without accessing or misusing sensitive information.
TECH-DGP: Digital Platforms
Digital Platforms are online businesses that facilitate interactions between users, such as e-commerce sites, content sharing services, and marketplaces. They connect buyers and sellers, content creators and consumers, and enable various online activities. These platforms are accountable for using AI ethically to manage content, personalize user experiences, and ensure safe interactions. This involves preventing algorithmic biases, protecting user data, and avoiding practices that could lead to discrimination or exploitation. Examples include using AI to recommend content or products in a way that promotes diversity and avoids reinforcing harmful stereotypes. Implementing AI moderation tools to detect and remove inappropriate or illegal content while respecting freedom of expression and avoiding censorship of legitimate speech.
TECH-EDU: Educational Technology Companies
Educational Technology Companies develop tools and platforms that support teaching and learning processes. They create software, applications, and devices used in educational settings, from K-12 schools to higher education and corporate training. These companies are accountable for designing AI-powered educational tools that are accessible, inclusive, and respect students' privacy. They must prevent biases that could disadvantage certain learners and ensure that data collected is used responsibly. Examples include creating AI-driven personalized learning systems that adapt to individual students' needs without compromising their privacy. Developing educational platforms that are accessible to students with disabilities, adhering to universal design principles.
TECH-HTC: Healthcare Technology Companies
Healthcare Technology Companies focus on developing technological solutions for the healthcare industry. They innovate in areas like electronic health records, telemedicine, medical imaging, and AI-driven diagnostics. These companies are accountable for ensuring that their AI technologies are safe, effective, and respect patient rights. They must obtain necessary regulatory approvals, protect patient data, and prevent biases in AI models that could lead to misdiagnosis. Examples include developing AI algorithms for medical imaging analysis that are trained on diverse datasets to provide accurate results across different populations. Implementing telehealth platforms that securely handle patient information and comply with healthcare privacy regulations.
TECH-LTC: Legal Tech Companies
Legal Tech Companies provide technology solutions for legal professionals and organizations. They develop software for case management, document automation, legal research, and AI-powered analytics. These companies are accountable for creating AI tools that enhance the legal profession ethically. They must ensure their products do not perpetuate biases, maintain client confidentiality, and support the integrity of legal processes. Examples include offering AI-driven legal research platforms that provide unbiased results, helping lawyers build fair cases. Designing contract analysis tools that protect sensitive information and comply with data protection laws.
TECH-SHD: Smart Home Device Manufacturers
Smart Home Device Manufacturers produce internet-connected devices used in homes, such as smart thermostats, security systems, voice assistants, and appliances. These devices often utilize AI to provide enhanced functionality and user convenience. These manufacturers are accountable for ensuring that their devices respect user privacy, are secure from unauthorized access, and do not collect excessive personal data. They must be transparent about data usage and provide users with control over their information. Examples include designing smart devices that operate effectively without constantly transmitting data to external servers, minimizing privacy risks. Implementing robust security measures to protect devices from hacking or misuse.
TECH-SMP: Social Media Platforms
Social Media Platforms are online services that enable users to create and share content or participate in social networking. They play a significant role in information dissemination, communication, and shaping public discourse. These platforms are accountable for using AI ethically in content moderation, recommendation algorithms, and advertising. They must prevent the spread of misinformation, protect user data, and avoid algorithmic biases that could lead to echo chambers or discrimination. Examples include using AI to detect and remove harmful content such as hate speech or incitement to violence while respecting freedom of expression. Implementing transparent algorithms that provide diverse perspectives and prevent the reinforcement of biases.
TECH-TEL: Telecommunications Companies
Telecommunications Companies provide communication services such as telephone, internet, and data transmission. They build and maintain the infrastructure that enables connectivity and digital communication globally. These companies are accountable for using AI ethically to manage networks, improve services, and protect user data. They must ensure that AI applications do not infringe on privacy rights or enable unlawful surveillance. Examples include employing AI to optimize network performance, enhancing service quality without accessing or exploiting user communications. Using AI-driven security measures to protect networks from cyber threats while respecting legal obligations regarding data privacy.
Summary
By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights in the technology and IT domain. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to drive innovation while safeguarding individual rights, promoting fairness, and building public trust in technological advancements.
Disclaimer: Our global network of contributors to the AI & Human Rights Index is currently writing these articles and glossary entries. This particular page is currently in the research and review stage. Please return later to see where this page is in the editorial workflow. Thank you! We look forward to learning with and from you.
WORK: Employment and Labor
The Employment and Labor sector encompasses organizations, institutions, and entities involved in the facilitation of employment, protection of workers' rights, development of workforce skills, and management of labor relations. This includes employment agencies, government employment services, gig economy workers' associations, human resources departments, job training and placement services, labor unions, vocational training centers, and workers' rights organizations. The WORK sector plays a crucial role in promoting fair labor practices, enhancing employment opportunities, and ensuring that workers' rights are respected and upheld.
WORK-EMP: Employment Agencies
Employment Agencies are organizations that connect job seekers with employers. They provide services such as job placement, career counseling, and recruitment for temporary or permanent positions across various industries. These agencies are accountable for using AI ethically to match candidates with job opportunities fairly and efficiently. This involves preventing biases in AI algorithms that could discriminate against applicants based on race, gender, age, or other protected characteristics. By integrating ethical AI practices, employment agencies can promote equal employment opportunities and enhance diversity in the workplace. Examples include utilizing AI-powered applicant tracking systems that screen resumes objectively, ensuring that all qualified candidates are considered without bias. Implementing AI tools to match job seekers with suitable positions based on skills and preferences while protecting personal data and respecting privacy.
WORK-GES: Government Employment Services
Government Employment Services are public agencies that provide assistance to job seekers and employers. They offer services like job listings, unemployment benefits administration, career counseling, and workforce development programs. These services are accountable for using AI ethically to improve service delivery and accessibility while upholding the rights of job seekers. They must ensure that AI applications do not introduce barriers to employment or unfairly disadvantage certain groups. Ethical AI use can enhance the efficiency of employment services and support economic inclusion. Examples include employing AI to analyze labor market trends and identify sectors with job growth, informing policy decisions and training programs. Using AI-driven platforms to connect job seekers with opportunities, ensuring that services are accessible to individuals with disabilities or limited digital literacy.
WORK-GIG: Gig Economy Workers' Associations
Gig Economy Workers' Associations represent the interests of individuals engaged in short-term, freelance, or contract work, often facilitated through digital platforms. They advocate for fair treatment, reasonable pay, and access to benefits for gig workers. These associations are accountable for promoting ethical AI use within gig platforms to protect workers' rights. This includes ensuring that AI algorithms used for task allocation, performance evaluation, or payment do not exploit workers or perpetuate unfair practices. Examples include advocating for transparency in AI algorithms that determine job assignments or ratings, allowing workers to understand and contest decisions that affect their income. Working with platforms to implement AI systems that ensure fair distribution of work and prevent discrimination.
WORK-HRD: Human Resources Departments
Human Resources Departments within organizations manage employee relations, recruitment, training, benefits, and compliance with labor laws. They play a key role in shaping workplace culture and practices. These departments are accountable for using AI ethically in HR processes, such as recruitment, performance evaluation, and employee engagement. They must prevent biases in AI tools that could lead to discriminatory hiring or unfair treatment of employees. Examples include implementing AI-driven recruitment software that screens candidates based on relevant qualifications without considering irrelevant factors like gender or ethnicity. Using AI for employee feedback analysis to improve workplace conditions while ensuring confidentiality and data protection.
WORK-JOB: Job Training and Placement Services
Job Training and Placement Services provide education, skills development, and assistance in finding employment. They help individuals enhance their employability and connect with job opportunities. These services are accountable for using AI ethically to tailor training programs to individual needs and match candidates with suitable jobs. They must ensure that AI applications do not exclude or disadvantage certain learners and protect participants' personal information. Examples include using AI to assess skill gaps and recommend personalized training pathways, improving employment outcomes without compromising privacy. Employing AI to match trainees with employers seeking specific skills, promoting efficient job placement while ensuring fairness.
WORK-LBU: Labor Unions
Labor Unions are organizations that represent workers in negotiations with employers over wages, benefits, working conditions, and other employment terms. They advocate for workers' rights and interests. These unions are accountable for leveraging AI ethically to support their advocacy efforts while protecting members' rights. This includes using AI to analyze labor data without violating privacy and ensuring that AI tools do not replace human judgment in critical decisions. Examples include employing AI to identify trends in workplace issues, informing collective bargaining strategies while safeguarding members' personal information. Using AI-driven communication platforms to engage with members effectively, ensuring inclusivity and accessibility.
WORK-VTC: Vocational Training Centers
Vocational Training Centers provide education and training focused on specific trades or professions. They equip individuals with practical skills required for particular jobs, supporting workforce development. These centers are accountable for using AI ethically to enhance learning experiences and outcomes. They must ensure that AI-powered educational tools are accessible, inclusive, and do not perpetuate biases or inequalities. Examples include implementing AI-driven tutoring systems that adapt to learners' needs, supporting diverse learning styles without compromising data privacy. Using AI analytics to track student progress and inform instructional strategies while respecting confidentiality.
WORK-WRO: Workers' Rights Organizations
Workers' Rights Organizations advocate for the protection and advancement of labor rights. They monitor compliance with labor laws, support workers facing discrimination or exploitation, and promote fair labor practices globally. These organizations are accountable for using AI ethically to strengthen their advocacy efforts and protect workers. This involves ensuring that AI tools respect privacy, prevent biases, and do not inadvertently harm those they aim to support. Examples include using AI to analyze large datasets on labor conditions, identifying patterns of abuse or violations without exposing individual workers to retaliation. Employing AI-powered platforms to disseminate information on workers' rights, making resources accessible to a wider audience while ensuring data security.
Summary
By embracing ethical AI practices, each of these sectors can significantly contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses and the advancement of human rights in employment and labor. Their accountability lies in the responsible development, deployment, and oversight of AI technologies to promote fair labor practices, enhance employment opportunities, and protect workers' rights. Through ethical AI use, they can foster inclusive workplaces, support workforce development, and ensure that technological advancements benefit all members of society.
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AI’s Potential Violations #

[Insert 300- to 500-word analysis of how AI could violate this human right.]

AI’s Potential Benefits #

[Insert 300- to 500-word analysis of how AI could advance this human right.]

Human Rights Instruments #

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) #

G.A. Res. 217 (III) A, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, U.N. Doc. A/RES/217(III) (Dec. 10, 1948)

Article I

All human beings are born free and equal in Dignity
Human dignity refers to the inherent worth and respect that every individual possesses, irrespective of their status, identity, or achievements. In the context of artificial intelligence (AI), dignity emphasizes the need for AI systems to be designed, developed, and deployed in ways that respect, preserve, and even enhance this intrinsic human value. While many existing AI ethics guidelines reference dignity, they often leave it undefined, highlighting instead its close relationship to human rights and its role in avoiding harm, forced acceptance, automated classification, and unconsented interactions between humans and AI. Fundamentally, dignity serves as a cornerstone of ethical AI practices, requiring systems to prioritize human well-being and autonomy. The preservation of dignity in AI systems places significant ethical responsibilities on developers, organizations, and policymakers. Developers play a pivotal role in ensuring that AI technologies respect privacy and autonomy by safeguarding personal data and avoiding manipulative practices. Bias mitigation is another critical responsibility, as AI systems must strive to eliminate discriminatory outcomes that could undermine the dignity of individuals based on race, gender, age, or other characteristics. Furthermore, transparency and accountability in AI operations are essential for upholding dignity, as they provide mechanisms to understand and address the impacts of AI systems on individuals and communities. Governance and legislation are equally important in safeguarding human dignity in the AI landscape. New legal frameworks and regulations can mandate ethical development and deployment practices, with a focus on protecting human rights and dignity. Government-issued technical and methodological guidelines can provide developers with clear standards for ethical AI design. Additionally, international cooperation is essential to establish a unified, global approach to AI ethics, recognizing the cross-border implications of AI technologies. By embedding dignity into AI systems and governance structures, society can ensure that AI technologies respect and enhance human worth, fostering trust, equity, and ethical innovation. Recommended Reading Anna Jobin, Marcello Ienca, and Effy Vayena. "The Global Landscape of AI Ethics Guidelines." Nature Machine Intelligence 1 (2019): 389–399.
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and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Article 2

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, Trust
Trust in artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the confidence users and stakeholders have in the reliability, safety, and ethical integrity of AI systems. It is a foundational principle in AI ethics and governance, essential for public acceptance and the responsible integration of AI technologies into society. Building trust requires AI systems to demonstrate transparency, fairness, and accountability throughout their design, deployment, and operation. A trustworthy AI system must consistently meet user expectations, deliver reliable outcomes, and align with societal values and norms. Trust extends beyond technical functionality to encompass ethical design principles and governance frameworks. Reliable and safe operation, protection of user privacy, and harm prevention are critical for fostering trust. Transparent and explainable systems enable users to understand AI decision-making processes, while fairness and non-discrimination ensure that AI does not perpetuate biases. Trust-building measures, such as certification processes (e.g., "Certificate of Fairness"), stakeholder engagement, and multi-stakeholder dialogues, play an important role in addressing diverse concerns and expectations. However, trust must be balanced with informed skepticism to prevent blind reliance on AI, especially in high-stakes applications like healthcare, law enforcement, and finance. Over-reliance on AI can lead to unintended consequences, including ethical lapses and harm. Maintaining trust requires continuous monitoring, robust accountability mechanisms, and adaptive governance structures to address emerging challenges and evolving technologies. Trust in AI is not a static attribute but an ongoing process. It necessitates collaboration among developers, users, and regulators to uphold ethical standards, protect societal values, and ensure that AI systems serve humanity responsibly and equitably. Recommended Reading Jessica Fjeld, Nele Achten, Hannah Hilligoss, Adam Nagy, and Madhulika Srikumar. "Principled Artificial Intelligence: Mapping Consensus in Ethical and Rights-Based Approaches to Principles for AI ." Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, Research Publication No. 2020-1, January 15, 2020.
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, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and Security
Security in artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the principle that AI systems must be designed to resist external threats and protect the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of data and functionality. Security ensures AI systems are safeguarded against unauthorized access, manipulation, or exploitation, maintaining trust and reliability in AI technologies. This principle is particularly critical in sensitive domains such as finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure, where vulnerabilities can have far-reaching consequences. Effective AI security emphasizes proactive measures, such as testing system resilience, sharing information about cyber threats, and implementing robust data protection strategies. Techniques like anonymization, de-identification, and data aggregation reduce risks to personal and sensitive information. Security by design—embedding security measures at every stage of an AI system’s lifecycle—is a cornerstone of this principle. This includes deploying fallback mechanisms, secure software protocols, and continuous monitoring to detect and address potential threats. These measures not only protect AI systems but also foster trust among users and stakeholders by ensuring their safe and ethical operation. Challenges to achieving AI security include the increasing complexity of AI models, the sophistication of cyber threats, and the need to balance security with transparency and usability. As AI technologies often operate across borders, international cooperation is essential to establish and enforce global security standards. Collaborative efforts among governments, private sector actors, and civil society can create unified frameworks to address cross-border threats and ensure the ethical deployment of secure AI systems. Ultimately, the principle of security safeguards individual and organizational assets while upholding broader societal trust in AI. By prioritizing security in design, deployment, and governance, developers and policymakers can ensure AI technologies serve humanity responsibly and reliably. For Further Reading Fjeld, Jessica, Nele Achten, Hannah Hilligoss, Adam Nagy, and Madhulika Srikumar. “Principled Artificial Intelligence: Mapping Consensus in Ethical and Rights-Based Approaches to Principles for AI.” Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, Research Publication No. 2020-1, January 15, 2020.
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of person.

Article 5

No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Article 7

All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

Article 19

Everyone has the right to Freedom
Freedom means having the autonomy to make choices and act without undue interference or coercion from others. In the context of artificial intelligence (AI) and human rights, it highlights each person’s right to self-determination and control over their own life and personal data, even as AI systems increasingly influence our daily decisions. Freedom is a cornerstone of human rights and a foundational principle in AI ethics, ensuring that technology upholds individual autonomy rather than undermining it. The rise of AI has a direct impact on fundamental freedoms—from freedom of expression online to the right to privacy—making it crucial that AI is developed and used in ways that respect and protect these rights. Legal frameworks worldwide recognize these freedoms; for example, data protection laws like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) give individuals more control over their personal information, reinforcing their freedom from unwarranted surveillance or data misuse. In practice, this means AI systems should be designed to empower users—allowing people to access information, form opinions, and make choices without being manipulated or unjustly restricted by algorithms.
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of opinion and expression; this right includes Freedom
Freedom means having the autonomy to make choices and act without undue interference or coercion from others. In the context of artificial intelligence (AI) and human rights, it highlights each person’s right to self-determination and control over their own life and personal data, even as AI systems increasingly influence our daily decisions. Freedom is a cornerstone of human rights and a foundational principle in AI ethics, ensuring that technology upholds individual autonomy rather than undermining it. The rise of AI has a direct impact on fundamental freedoms—from freedom of expression online to the right to privacy—making it crucial that AI is developed and used in ways that respect and protect these rights. Legal frameworks worldwide recognize these freedoms; for example, data protection laws like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) give individuals more control over their personal information, reinforcing their freedom from unwarranted surveillance or data misuse. In practice, this means AI systems should be designed to empower users—allowing people to access information, form opinions, and make choices without being manipulated or unjustly restricted by algorithms.
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to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

Article 21

1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.

2. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.

3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights(1966) #

G.A. Res. 2200A (XXI), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 171 (Dec. 16, 1966)

Article 17

1. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with his Privacy
Privacy in artificial intelligence (AI) is the principle that AI systems must respect individuals' rights to control their personal information and ensure the ethical handling of data throughout its lifecycle. As a cornerstone of AI ethics, privacy extends beyond technical safeguards to empower individuals with agency over their data and decisions informed by it. Grounded in international human rights law and frameworks such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), privacy intersects with key AI ethics themes, including fairness, accountability, and security. Given AI’s reliance on vast amounts of personal data, privacy risks arise in areas such as surveillance, predictive analytics, and decision-making. Privacy principles emphasize transparency, consent, and the protection of individual rights. Core aspects include "privacy by design," which integrates privacy protections into AI development and operations, and rights such as data minimization, the ability to restrict processing, and data rectification or erasure. Compliance with privacy laws fosters trust and accountability, while privacy's ethical dimensions highlight its role as a public good, benefiting not just individuals but society at large. Safeguarding privacy helps maintain public trust and supports democratic values, ensuring AI systems align with societal priorities. Ensuring privacy in AI requires a holistic approach that combines technical, legal, and organizational measures. Techniques like anonymization, encryption, and differential privacy protect data from breaches and unauthorized access. Regulatory frameworks establish standards for privacy protections, while ethical practices promote accountability and responsible data usage. By addressing privacy concerns through governance, technical innovation, and public awareness, AI systems can uphold societal values and ethical principles, fostering trust and advancing responsible technological progress. Recommended Reading Jessica Fjeld, Nele Achten, Hannah Hilligoss, Adam Nagy, and Madhulika Srikumar. "Principled Artificial Intelligence: Mapping Consensus in Ethical and Rights-Based Approaches to Principles for AI ." Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, Research Publication No. 2020-1, January 15, 2020. Anna Jobin, Marcello Ienca, and Effy Vayena. "The Global Landscape of AI Ethics Guidelines." Nature Machine Intelligence 1 (2019): 389–399.
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, family, home or correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on his honour and reputation.

2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

Article 26

All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law. In this respect, the law shall prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights(1966) #

G.A. Res. 2200A (XXI), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 993 U.N.T.S. 3 (Dec. 16, 1966)

Article 2

2. The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to guarantee that the rights enunciated in the present Covenant will be exercised without discrimination of any kind as to race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

Last Updated: April 17, 2025

Research Assistant: Elikemuel Rodriguez

Contributor: To Be Determined

Reviewer: To Be Determined

Editor: Tanya de Villiers-Botha

Subject: Human Right

Edition: Edition 1.0 Research

Recommended Citation: "II.H. Rights of LGBT+ People, Edition 1.0 Research." In AI & Human Rights Index, edited by Nathan C. Walker, Dirk Brand, Caitlin Corrigan, Georgina Curto Rex, Alexander Kriebitz, John Maldonado, Kanshukan Rajaratnam, and Tanya de Villiers-Botha. New York: All Tech is Human; Camden, NJ: AI Ethics Lab at Rutgers University, 2025. Accessed April 21, 2025. https://aiethicslab.rutgers.edu/Docs/ii-h-lgbt/.

Sectors #

ART-CRT: Content Creators

ART-ENT: Entertainment Industry

ART-HDC: Historical Documentation Centers

ART-INS: Cultural Institutions

ART-MUS: Museums

ART-ORG: Arts Organizations

Summary

BUS-AGR: Agriculture Industries

BUS-AUT: Automotive Industry

BUS-COR: Corporations and Enterprises

BUS-ENE: Energy Companies

BUS-FIN: Financial Services

BUS-GIG: Gig Economy Platforms

BUS-MAN: Manufacturing Industries

BUS-MKT: Marketing and Advertising Firms

BUS-PHC: Pharmaceutical Companies

BUS-RET: Retail Companies

BUS-SME: Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

BUS-SVC: Service Industries

BUS-TECH: Technology Companies

Summary

COM-CRT: Content Creators

COM-ENT: Arts and Entertainment

COM-NMO: News and Media Organizations

COM-PRM: Publishing and Recording Media

COM-PUB: Publishing Industries

COM-SMP: Social Media Platforms

COM-TEL: Telecommunications Companies

Summary

DEF-GSP: Government Surveillance Programs

DEF-INTL: International Defense Bodies

DEF-MIL: Military Branches

DEF-PDC: Private Defense Contractors

DEF-PKO: Peacekeeping Organizations

Summary

EDU-INS: Educational Institutions

EDU-RES: Research Organizations

EDU-POL: Educational Policy Makers

EDU-TEC: Educational Technology Providers

EDU-FND: Educational Foundations and NGOs

Summary

FIN-BNK: Banking and Financial Services

FIN-FIN: Financial Technology Companies

FIN-INS: Insurance Companies

FIN-INV: Investment Firms

FIN-MTG: Mortgage Lenders

Summary

GOV-AGY: Government Agencies

GOV-CRS: Civil Registration Services

GOV-ECN: Economic Planning Bodies

GOV-PPM: Public Officials

GOV-PUB: Public Services

GOV-REG: Regulatory Bodies

GOV-SUR: Government Surveillance

Summary

HLTH-HCP: Healthcare Providers

HLTH-HIC: Health Insurance Companies

HLTH-HTC: Healthcare Technology Companies

HLTH-MDC: Medical Device Manufacturers

HLTH-MHS: Mental Health Services

HLTH-PHA: Public Health Agencies

HLTH-PHC: Pharmaceutical Companies

Summary

INTL-CRT: International Courts

INTL-DIP: Diplomatic Organizations

INTL-DEV: Development Agencies

INTL-GOV: Governmental Organizations

INTL-HRN: Human Rights Organizations

INTL-HUM: Humanitarian Organizations

INTL-MON: Monitoring Bodies

INTL-NGO: Non-Governmental Organizations

INTL-PKO: Peacekeeping Organizations

INTL-REF: Refugee Organizations

Summary

LAW-COR: Correctional Facilities

LAW-ENF: Law Enforcement

LAW-GSP: Government Surveillance Programs

LAW-IMM: Immigration and Border Control

LAW-JUD: Judicial Systems